موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١_ن

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 1_n

⏹ Nernst, Walter Herrmann
Nernst, Walter Hermann

Physical chemist, German (1864-1941)
Nernst was educated in Zurich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg • After that he worked as an assistant to Ostwald in Leipzig in 1887, then became a professor of chemistry in Gettingen in 1891 and in Berlin in 1905. In 1933 he was appointed director of the Institute of Physics there.
Nernst introduced in the year 1889 the theory of pressure of the electrolyte solution (the electrolyte or electrolyte) in the cells, and in 1906 he proposed the thermodynamic theory related to the third law of kinetic heat (thermodynamics).
Nernst has done important research on the specific heat of solid bodies at low temperatures in the light of quantum theory.
To propose the theory and atomic chain reaction in photochemistry -
Among the inventions that were recorded by Nernst is a new type of electric lamp used only in laboratories.
Nernst is considered the founder of physical chemistry, and was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1920.

⏹ Nicole, Charles Gil Henri
Nicolle, Charles Julie Henri

French bacteriologist and physician (1936-1866)
Nicole was a student of the famous scientist Pasteur, and headed the Pasteur Institute in Tunis in 1903. Nicole discovered that body lice spread the disease «typhus» (typhus fever).
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1928 for his studies on "typhus". Finally, he worked as a professor at the College de France.

⏹ Nicole William William and Nicol

Scottish physicist (1768-1851)
Nicole grew up self-made and devoted himself to science. He developed methods for preparing microscopic wood samples · Nicole's most famous achievement is his invention of the (1) calcite prism known by his name: Nicole's prism, which is used in the study of metabolized light (in microscopes).

⏹ Newton, Sir Isaac Newton,

English mathematician and physicist (1642-1727)
Newton, who is considered one of the mathematical geniuses of physics, studied at Trinity College and Cambridge and became a colleague at the latter in 1667. In the year 1669 he became a professor of mathematics there and a fellow of the Royal Society in the year 1671, and entered politics to become a member of Parliament in 1689. In the year 1699 he became president of the Mint, and from 1703 until his death he was president of the Royal Society.
Newton's field of interest varied to include mathematics, mechanics (applied mathematics), astronomy, optics, physics, and especially light • In the field of astronomy, he was the first to realize the nature of the elliptical path of meteorites. He also developed his dynamic theory of gravity.
Applying this to the solar system around the year 1684, Kepler's third law helped him conclude that the force of attraction between the earth and the moon is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. In the field of mathematics, Newton introduced the binomial theorem, as well as the infinitisemal calculus, after a dispute with Leipinter over the honor of taking precedence over that. In the field of mechanics, he discovered the three basic laws of motion, known as Newton's laws, which form the basis of practical mechanics or "Newtonian mechanics."
Newton discovered the relationship between color and light scattering, but he was wrong in concluding that scattering is proportional to refraction. And he has a research on that called: A New Theory of Light and Color in 1672.
He also noticed the colored interference edges or margins arising from reflection and refraction through the thin layers. These margins are known as Newton's rings.

Among his most important books: The Natural Philosophy of Mathematical Principles, written in 1685-1686 and published in 1687.
Likewise, his research entitled: Optics, published in 1704, records Newton's development of the Reflecting Telescope and his studies on the solar spectrum.
The unit of force in the metric system is called the newton.
1 newton = 1 kg. meters/second squared
or
1 newton = 1 kg. m / w 2 .