موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف م

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter M

⏹ Mach, Ernst Mach

Austrian physicist and philosopher (1838-1916)
Mach learned in Vienna, then worked as a professor of mathematics first in the city of Graz, then of physics at the same university, and then in Prague in 1867. Finally, he returned to Vienna to teach philosophy from (1901-1895). Mach was interested in studying physics and the physical and psychological problems of the senses, especially with regard to Concerning knowledge (knowledge theory), he carried out pioneering studies on. Projectiles and ultrasonic, i.e. supersonic and jet devices. And in. In 1887, in a research titled: Imaging the Phenomena of Projectiles in Air, describing the angle known as the “Mach angle,” which is the angle between the axis of the projectile and the wave envelope arising from its movement. The speed of sound is greater than the speed of the projectile or flying object. This number is used to describe the speed of aircraft and is of great importance in matters of hypersonic projectiles. Mach's denial of the idea of ​​the Absolute led to the logic known as "positive logic", which had an impact on Einstein's thinking.

⏹ Martin, Arthur John Porter
Archer John Porter Martin ,

English physical chemist ( 1910 - )
Martin learned at various British universities. After he received part of his training at the University of Cambridge, he worked with a picture. Key on amino acids, as well as on vitamin E, vitamin E and nico acid. He did part of his research in the “Wool Industries Research Laboratories”, in the city of Leeds. Then he became the head of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the National Institute for Medical Research, in London. Martin has been elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. In cooperation with the scientist Synge (born in 1914), Martin developed the method of paper chromatography to separate amino acids. He also developed later the color analysis of the divisional chromatography between gas and liquid - Liquid - gas partition chromatography. In 1952, he jointly won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry with Sitge.

⏹ Margrave, Anders Zigsmond
Marggraf, Andreas Sigismond

German chemist (1709 - 1782)
Margrave was educated in Berlin, Strasbourg, Halle and Freiberg.
He was particularly prominent in the field of analytical chemistry.
Margrave was able to separate zinc (zinc) from the ore “calamine”, and he distinguished between “caustic potash” and “caustic soda” by means of a flame test.
Margrave discovered sugar in beet roots and revealed the possibility of establishing a beet sugar industry.

⏹ Maskelyne, Nevil

English astronomer (1732 - 1811)
Maskeln studied at Cambridge and showed remarkable activity. Later on, he was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society. He was also elected Royal Astronomer, where he kept this position for forty-six years.
Maskeln created the Almanac Nautical and was the first to measure time in Greenwich up to tenths of a second. Maskeln made a measurement of the specific weight of the earth using the pendulum method near Mount Chehalion in Bertshire. He also designed a lunar method for determining longitude, and invented a measuring device. Accurate (micrometer) prismatic (Prismatic).

⏹ Massey, Harry Stewart Wilson
Massey, Harrie Stewart Wilson

Australian physicist (1908 - )
Massey received his education in Melbourne and then in a number of British institutes. He also worked in research at the Cavendish Laboratory in Britain. · He taught mathematical physics in (Belfast) in Ireland, then held high educational positions in London.
Massey participated during the last world war in the project to manufacture the atomic bomb in Berkeley, California. He also supervised British missile research to achieve a number of scientific projects related to the International Geophysical Year (1957-1958), and after that he became a member of the British government agency that directs space research.