موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٩_ل

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 9_L

⏹ Lombroso, Cesare

Italian psychiatrist (1836 - 1909)
Lombroso studied in Padua, Vienna and Paris • He was passionate about studying the relationship between disease states and crimes, and finally he worked as a professor to study «crime in humans, criminal anthropology» in Turin. And he has. The owners of the common features were classified within a category more like a distinct (dynasty) people, and Lombroso was inclined to consider all categories of criminality as pathological cases, regardless of the rest of the reasons, and his book: Delinquente L'Uomo is considered a great work in itself.

⏹ Lummer, Otto R. and Lummer

German physicist (1860 - 1925)
Loomer is famous for designing a photometer (a device for measuring the intensity of light or a photometer) using a number of prisms (prisms) glass, and he cooperated with Arons in making a mercury lamp to produce a monochromatic light, and he also partnered with Pringsham
In a series of important experiments on radiation energy and temperature, he verified a number of theoretical laws.
The experiments of these two scientists on thermal radiation from dark bodies prompted the scientist Planck to come up with quantum theory.

⏹ Lonsdale, William
William Lonsdale

English geologist (1794 - 1871) ·
Lonsdale accepted the study of geology after he finished military service, so he studied fossils (fossils or fossils) in the north and south of the Devon region, so he identified a location for them between the Silurian and the Carboniferous periods, which led to the establishment of the Devonian period site on Murchison and Sedwick .

⏹ Long, Crawford Williamson
Long, Crawford Williamson

American physician (1815 - 1878)
Long was educated at Transylvania and Pennsylvania Universities. Long was the first to perform a surgical operation using ether as an anesthetic, but he did not publish any writing about that, which forfeited the state award of one hundred thousand dollars for the invention of the use of ether in anesthesia. Therefore, the grant was returned to the state treasury due to the large number of claimants and the inability to be certain of the owner of the first invention.

⏹ Lowell, Percival

American astronomer (1855-1916)
Lowell studied at Harvard and then established the Flagstaff Observatory in Arizona. Lowell was famous for the importance of his observations of the planet and Mars, and for his participation in determining the existence of the planet Pluto, whose discovery was questionable. This was done to him by the Flagstaff Observatory.
Lowell was convinced of the existence of life on Mars, and he wrote a number of books on astronomy and describing Japan.

Lloyd, Humphrey

Irish scientist (1800 - 1881)
Lloyd studied in Dublin and then worked at Trinity College in the same city of Dublin. Lloyd presides over the British Association.
Lloyd discovered a way to create interference edges using a single mirror, and conducted experiments on internal conical refraction, realizing the assumptions of Sir William Hamilton Sir from 1805 to 1865 about producing a beam in the form of a hollow cylinder as a result of internal conical refraction in optical biaxial crystals.

⏹ Lewis, Gilbert Newton
Lewis, Gilbert Newton

American chemist (1875 - 1946)
Lewis worked jointly with Langmuir
In developing an atomic theory that bears their names, Lewis also formulated a theory in the chemical equivalence of the elements, in which he referred to the electrovalence bonds. And put a theory on photons. He also carried out extensive studies on thermodynamics, and he has been a professor at the University of California since he was thirty-seven years old.