موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١١_ك

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 11_k

⏹ Cooper, Archibald Scott
Cooper, Archibald Scott

Scottish chemist (1831 - 1892)
Cooper learned in Glasgow and Edinburgh, then went to Berlin to study chemistry, then continued his chemical specialization in Edinburgh. Cooper developed a theory: about the partial structure that is identical in its content to the theory of Kekulé, Von (1829-1896) was the first to publish his theory with a difference of one month.

⏹ Cooper, Sir Astley Paston
Cooper, Sir Astley Paston

English surgeon (1768 - 1841)
Cooper was educated at St Thomas' Hospital, Edinburgh, then lectured on anatomy and worked as a surgeon at Guy's Hospital.
Finally, he worked as a professor of comparative anatomy at the Royal College of Surgeons, as he worked as a surgeon for the king. His fame was based on his success in performing an operation on anormas (a disease arising from an aneurysm of blood vessels in the brain), which included ligation of the abdominal aorta at a time when surgical disinfection materials were not commonly used.

⏹ Copernicus, Nikolaus
Copernicus Nicolaus

Polish astronomer and scientist of German origin
(1473 - 1543)
He learned medicine and theology in Krakow, held a religious position in Frauenburg, then taught mathematics and astronomy in Rome.
It was Copernicus who discovered that the sun is
The center of the solar system, and that the earth is just a satellite of the sun, and it is not the center as was previously believed. Copernicus explained how the seasons and equinoxes occur.
He issued a book on the rotation of the spheres in the year 1530, which was banned from publication until the year 1543, when it was printed in Nuremberg, then it was forbidden to distribute it until the year 1758, due to the position of the Roman Catholic Church on the scientific material of the book, which contradicts the church’s view of the universe.
(see Galileo).

⏹ Koblenz, William Weber
William Weber Coblentz,

American physicist and astronomer (1873 -?)
Koblenz was educated at Case School of Applied Sciences and Cornell University and then worked at the National Bureau of Standards .
Koblenz was famous for his important study of infrared and ultraviolet radiation, as well as stellar radiation, which qualified him for many scholarships and supervisor titles. Coblentis also studied the temperature of many stars using a thermocouple with a diameter of 0.0127 cm. He also solved a number of problems related to the possibility of life on the surface of Mars.


⏹ Cottrell, Frederick Gardner
Cottrell, Frederick Gardner

American chemist (1877 - 1948)
Cottrell received his education in California and Leipzig, then took over the management of the Office of Mines (BM) and also assumed the position of President of Research Societies.
Cottrell's research focused on nitrogen fixation, gas liquefaction, and helium extraction.
Cottrell invented a device called the Cottrell Precipitator to precipitate solid impurities from gases.

⏹ Kocher, (Coker) Emil Tudor
Emil Theodor Kocher

Swiss surgeon (1841 - 1917)
Kocher learned in Bern and then became a professor at its university. He was known for his research on the thyroid gland, physiology, pathology, surgery, and osteoporosis.
Kocher received the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1909.

⏹ Koch, (Cook) Robert Koch,

German bacteriologist (1843-1910)
Koch learned medicine in Gettingen, trained at Wollstein, then traveled to Egypt to study the epidemic of Heydha (yellow air or cholera).
Koch worked as a professor in Berlin and director of the Institute for Infectious Diseases. He left a huge and very important collection of disease studies.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1905.
One of the reasons for Koch's success was the use of a new technique in the use of a microscope and in the use of chemicals in dyeing (coloring) microorganisms (compare with Gram).
(1853 - 1938).