موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٨_ك

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 8_k

Kilbroth, Martin Heinrich
Klaproth, Martin Heinrich

German chemist (1743 - 1817)
Kilbroth lived a miserable childhood, so he worked in a pharmacy, and developed a penchant for chemical studies that led him to the position of the first professor of chemistry at the University of Berlin.
Kambroth devised several improvements in the methods of chemical analysis of minerals, so he was able to discover a number of compounds of strontium, titanium, and chromium. He also discovered zirconia, uranium-uranium compounds in pitchiblende, and cerium oxide. It is noteworthy that a number of these discoveries were made by his contemporaries and independently of him. Kilbroth used the name Tellerium for the metal discovered by Kitaibel and Müller.

⏹ Kelvin, Melvin Calvin,

American chemist ( 1911 - )
Kelvin studied at the University of Minnesota and elsewhere. In 1946 he became the director of the Lawrence Institute of Radiation, and then became a teacher of chemistry at the University of California. Kelvin is an argument in the matter of photosynthesis. In the year 1961 he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his important research in the assimilation of carbon dioxide (CO2) by plants.

⏹ Kelvin, William Thompson, Lord
William Lord Kelvin, Thomson,

Scottish physicist and mathematician (1824-1907)
Kelvin studied at Cambridge and Glasgow and took the position of Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow in 1846. In 1871 he became president of the British Association and president of the Royal Society (1890-1895). He was considered one of the most prominent scientists of his time. • In the field of electricity, he invented the Kelvin “flagometer” (with a mirror) used in receiving wire messages. Quadrant Electrometer was invented to measure small differences in electrical potentials.
He also designed the Gyrostat, and suggested in 1883 the use of the gyrostatic compass.
He made improvements to the marine compass by replacing the large single needle with eight small magnetic needles. He designed a “heater” that works by steam pressure to measure a temperature of 100-500.
Kelvin discovered the law known as Kelvin's law, which relates cable costs to electrical losses. He was the first to define the absolute temperature scale and calculated the amount of radiant energy from the surface of the sun to be 7000 horsepower per square foot.
He estimated the age of the earth between forty and four hundred million years, and estimated the age of the sun with Helmholtz to be in the range of fifty million years.
Kelvin introduced modifications to Rayleigh's wave theory and corrected Fresnel's theory of reflection and refraction.
Kelvin wrote more than three hundred original papers that barely left a door in science that he did not touch. Perhaps one of his most important scientific contributions is his continuous series of suggestions that inspired many researchers to discover and invent.

⏹ Clausius

(see Lecluse) Lécluse

⏹ Clayton, John

English scientist (from the seventeenth century). Clayton received a religious education, but abandoned it because of his passion for science. Do different experiences. He was the first to discover the possibility of obtaining reclamation gas by distilling coal, and the possibility of storing this gas. Clayton informed the world of this discovery to Boyle, but neither of them paid attention to the economic importance of this discovery. Clayton's experiments in the production of colored glass became famous.

⏹Clero, Alexis Claude
Clairaut, Alexi Claude

French mathematician (1713 - 1765)
Signs of genius appeared on Clairoux since his childhood, and he was chosen to enter the Academy of Sciences before the legal age to join it. Equation.
He also worked on other astronomical problems. He calculated the date of reappearance of Halley's Comet, which was discovered by the English scientist Halley in 1682, and expected its return in 1759.

⏹ Cleve, Per Theodor

Swedish chemist (1840 - 1905)
Cliff was educated at Uppsala University in Sweden and then in Paris at the hands of Charles C. Wurtz (from 1817 to 1884). Then appointed professor of chemistry in Uppsala. Cliff was interested in chemistry, geology, plants and water. His fame was based on his discovery of many rare earth elements, such as “thulium and holmium.” He also conducted studies on “planktons (plankton or floating plants) in the North Sea.