موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٧_ك

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 7_k

⏹ Clark, Thomas Clark

Scottish chemist (1801 - 1867)
Clarke was educated in Ayr, then lectured in chemistry at the Mechanics Institute in Glasgow, and then worked as a professor of chemistry in Aberdeen. Clark was an authority on the issue of water purification. Also, slaked lime was used to remove water hardness.

Clain, Jean-Jacques
Colin, Jean Jacques

French chemist (1784 - 1865) ·
Clan worked as a professor of chemistry in Dijon, and Clan became famous as a result of his success in separating the tincture of azarin (alizarin) and the tincture of berberine, which was extracted from the roots of some plants such as madder.
The azarin dye was known to the ancient Egyptians and was used to produce the color red.

⏹ Clark, Alvan Clark,

American astronomer (1804 - 1887)
Clarke became famous as a result of his discovery of the Yemeni companion Sirius during his experiment with an astronomical telescope, as well as for his manufacture of large reflectors for the new Lick and Pulkovo observatories It reached about a meter for the Yerkes Observatory.

⏹Clark, Alexander RS
Clarke, Alexander Ross

Geodesy (survey mathematician) Scottish (1914-1828)
Clarke learned in Woolwich, then worked as an engineer in the army, and then joined the artillery survey. · Clarke was responsible for the main triangulation of the British Isles, and made great efforts to connect these points with similar ones in other countries.
Clark worked on the shape of the Earth and wrote a reference book called: Geodesy, and he was an argument in this field. In it, Clark suggested considering the ellipses (ellipse), which bear the name Clark's ellipses, as standard.

⏹Clark, Frank Wigglesworth
Clarke, Frank Wigglesworth

American geologist (1847 - 1931)
Clarke studied at Harvard, then worked as a professor of physics at Howard University in Cincinnati, then was appointed chief chemist in the US Geological Survey (U.S.G.S).
Clark made many achievements in recalculating the atomic weights of a large number of elements. He also made geochemical estimates of the proportions of shale, sandstone and limestone.
in sedimentary deposits. Clark's name is given to the average percentage of a chemical element in the earth's crust.

⏹ Clark, William Mansfield
Clark, William Mansfield

American chemist ( 1884 - )
Clark studied at Johns Hopkins University and then worked as a chemist at the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). After fluctuating in other positions, he returned to Hopkins University to serve as a professor of functional (physiological) organic chemistry. Clarke's most important works were his studies on the concentration of the hydrogen ion (hydrogen ion) and redox balances (redox).

Clausius, Rudolf Julius Emanuel

German physicist (1822 - 1888)
Clausius studied in Berlin and Halle, then worked as a professor of physics in Berlin, then moved to Zurich, Würzburg and Bonn. Clausius was one of the founders of the study of thermal kinetics (thermodynamics), and he also carried out important research in molecular physics and electricity.
In 1850, Clausius formulated the second law of thermokinetics, which states that heat cannot pass by itself from a colder body to a hotter body. Clausius was more mathematician than experimental. He was awarded the Copley medal.
The so-called Clapeyron equation in thermokinetics relates pressure and temperature in active phase changes in a two-phase equilibrium.

⏹ Klaus, Karl Karlovitch
Klaus (Claus), Karl Karlovich

Russian chemist (1796 - 1864)
Klaus studied at the University of Dorpat, then worked as a pharmacist, after that he worked as a chemist's assistant at the aforementioned university, then he was promoted to professor of pharmacology and chemistry.
Klaus's research on the metals of the platinum family was famous, and he also discovered ruthenium.
The existence of which the scientist Osnan predicted, but did not separate.

⏹ Klein, Melanie Klein,

Austrian psychologist (1872 - 1960) ·
Klein worked in psychoanalysis in Budapest and Berlin with the encouragement of fellow scientist Ferenczi and Abraham Freud.
Then I moved to London. Klein was interested in studying character (morality) and personality in the deep levels of the subconscious. She was the first to apply psychoanalysis to children. She interpreted the children's play as an expression of subconscious daydreaming, which is responsible for the deviation of morals in adults.
I believed in the extreme importance of the first months of a child's life in determining his personality, as he is subject to two great influences, namely the life instinct and the mother's instinctive jealousy.