موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٢_ف

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 2_F

⏹ Frank, Albert Bernhard
Frank, Albert Bernhard

German botanist (1839-1900)
When Frank's fame goes back to the discovery that was achieved by collecting some plant models, he noticed that a number of high-end species could not reproduce by forming seeds unless they were accompanied by fungi. Frank named this fungus Mycorrhiza, meaning root fungus.

⏹ Frank, Ilya Frank, Ilya

Soviet physicist ( 1908 - )
Frank shared with Chernikov the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958 (see Chernikov & Co.). For their research in atomic physics.

⏹ Frank, James Franck, James

American physicist of German origin
( 1882 - 1964 )
Frank received his education in Berlin and Heidelberg, and he worked as a professor of physics in Berlin in Gettingen, then moved to «Hopkins University, in America, and then worked in Chicago as a professor of physical chemistry. Thus, they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1925. Later, Frank joined the team of American scientists working on atomic energy.

⏹ Fracastorius, Hernimus Girolamo Fracastorio
Fracastorius, Hieronymus; Girolamo Fracastorio

Italian physician (1483 - 1553)
Fracastorius studied mathematics, geology and astronomy in Padua ». He was a contemporary of Copernicus • He practiced medicine and became famous • He called the word "syphilis" a disease of the reproductive organs. Fracastorius was the first to distinguish typhus from other fevers.

⏹ Frankland, Sir Edward
Frankland, Sir Edward

English organic chemist (1899-1825)
Franklind was taught by Playfair in London, then by Bunsen.
As he continued his education in Liebig, then Marburg and Giessen, then he worked as a professor of chemistry in Manchester and also worked in London, where he succeeded Faraday at the Royal Institution. Frankland was selected as a Fellow of the Royal Society and awarded the Copley Medal.
. Frankland developed a theory of equivalence and worked a lot in order to introduce new structural formulas - he participated with Lockyer in discovering helium in the atmosphere of the sun, and Frankland was an argument in the matter of preserving health and pollution of rivers.

⏹ Frobawski, Zygmunt Florentine von
Wróblewski Zygmont Florenty von

Polish physicist (1888 - 1845)
Wroblovsky taught physics at the University of Krakow. He was the first to be able to liquefy the air on a large scale in 1885. He participated with the chemist Olszewski (1846 to 1915) in the liquefaction of nitrogen (nitrogen), oxygen and carbon monoxide.

⏹ Fraunhofer, Joseph von
Fraunhofer Joseph von

German optician and physicist (1787-1826)
Fraunhofer worked for a glazier in Munich, and his poor father used to polish glass. Fraunhofer, with his intelligence and activity, soon became a partner in a factory for making optical instruments. He himself was a skilled lens maker, and he was famous for making the most accurate reflectors of his time. He was the first to carefully study the dark lines in the spectrum of the sun, which Wollaston saw in 1802, which now bears the name of Fraunhofer. He identified five hundred and seventy-six of them, but he was unable to explain them. Fraunhofer studied the spectrum of many celestial bodies, and invented a sunshade or An astronomical heliometer to measure the temperature of the sun and stars. He also invented a dispersive device to measure wavelengths. The difficulties of his early life caused a weakness in his body's resistance, so he died of pulmonary tuberculosis.

Freud, Sigmund

Austrian psychologist (1856-1939)
Freud received his education in “Vienna” and “Paris” and worked as a professor of neurology in Germany. He was forced to emigrate to England during the Nazi persecution of non-Germans (especially the Musawis), so he lived the rest of his life in London. Freud founded the science of psychoanalysis, and he was particularly famous for his adoption of the interpretation of dreams as a method for diagnosing types of mental disorders such as hysteria.
The Freudian school of psychoanalysis relies on understanding the basic biological motives, such as the energy associated with the sexual drive, in explaining behavior, but Young and Adler Jung insisted on the importance of biological motives as a basis for the will to live and the will to power. ) respectively, and replaced the free association of ideas as a diagnostic feature (in the psychological study) to reject this view.

Freud practiced hypnosis (suggestion) to treat nervous conditions, then left it for insufficiency and returned to the free association of ideas. Freud developed a theory of personality as composed of this (the origin of instinctive energy) (id), the ego (the self) (ego) and the superego (superego). These words can be called (id, ego, and superego), but without accuracy: instinct, will, and consciousness. Freud focused on the importance of the experience that was forgotten or repressed in order to understand the current mental state, and among Freud's books: Psychopathology of Everyday Life, Interpretation of Dreams, Fetish and Outcast (or Totem and Taboo) Totem and Taboo • See Jung, Adler, and Breuer.