موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١_غ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 1_g

⏹ Galois, Evariste Galois,

French mathematician (1811 - 1832)
This Galois worked on algebraic equations, and the reason for his fame was the progress he achieved in this branch of mathematics. Gallois was responsible for the important idea of ​​group substitutions. (group substitutions)
The life of this brilliant athlete did not extend, as he was killed in a conflict when he was twenty years old.

⏹ Galilee, Galileo Galileo, Galileo

Italian mathematician, astronomer and inventor (1564-1642)
. Galileo studied mathematics to become a master of mathematics at the University of Pisa when he was twenty-five. After that he lectured at the University of Padua for eighteen years. The Galilean experimental mathematical method in order to reach the truth is one of the main pillars of modern science.
Galileo developed the laws of oscillation of the pendulum and referred to Newton's laws of motion. In the field of astronomy, Galileo revealed the four major satellites of Jupiter, sunspots, and others.
He invented the hydrostatic balance and thermometer
Antenna, as well as the first telescope was produced by him.
Galileo was the subject of continuous persecution and harm by the Church because of the inconsistency of his scientific conclusions, the correctness of which was cut off with the Church's religious view of the universe. He went to jail because of that • See, for example, Copernicus Galilei died the year Newton was born.
The telescope used by Galileo in his astronomical observations.

⏹ Galen

Greek physician (130 - 200)
Galen began studying medicine when he was sixteen, and he also began writing at that age. When he was twenty, he came to Alexandria to receive education in its institutes.
Gallienus was a gladiator surgeon
Kingdom «Pergamum, the Greek in Asia Minor. Then he went to Rome, where he worked as a physician to the emperor. Galen dissected the Barbary ape, who lived in southwestern Europe (now in Gibraltar), and thus he reached conclusions about the anatomy of the human body by comparison. Galen was the first to realize the importance of the pulse in pathological diagnosis, and although he was characterized by vanity, love of appearance, and clinging to opinion, his influence in medicine was wide and perennial, as Galen was a high model in medicine for the Arabs and others. He had erroneous views on anatomy. For example, he believed that the windpipe was directly connected to the heart. Galen's writings have remained exemplary references in medicine in Greek, Roman and Arabic, and they remained approved in European medical schools in the Middle Ages.

⏹Ghan Johann Gottlieb
Gahn, Johan Gottlieb

Swedish chemist and mineralogist (1745-1818)
Gan studied mining and then devoted himself to the study of minerals (metallurgy) at the hands of Bergman, and Gan was the first to be able to prepare metallic manganese on a reasonable scale, but the importance of this work was not clear at that time. Gann participated with Scheele in the discovery of phosphoric acid in bones.

⏹ Gauss, Karl Friedrich
Gauss Karl Friedrich

German mathematician and physicist (1777-1855)
Gauss was born to a simple father, and it so happened that the ruling duke in Brunswick noticed the intelligence of the boy Gauss, so he persuaded his father to let him learn. Gauss did not wait long until he became a professor of mathematics and director of the Gittingen Observatory, and he emerged as one of the greatest mathematicians in Europe. According to Gauss, the orbits of some orbits in a modern way, he developed Gauss's law in electromagnetism. He participated with Weber in building a telegraph. He sent his first message a mile and a quarter away, by electromagnetic lightning. The two scientists also designed a device to measure the intensity of magnetism. The unit of magnetic field strength is called “gauss.” • Gauss also worked on Fermat's studies of numbers, putting a new theory in understanding the first ideas about non-Euclidean space, in geometry and analytical functions, numbers and topology.
The optical galvanometer used by Gauss and Weber in their research.

⏹ Gay-Lussac, Joseph Lowe
Lussac, Joseph Louis Gay

French chemist and physicist (1778-1850)
Gay-Lussac received his education in Paris and worked as an assistant to Berthollet and Fourcroy. Gay-Lussac came to the deduction of the law of expansion of gases by heat and participated with Tannar Thenard in the study of alkalis.

He discovered sodium peroxide and potassium peroxide, and the two scientists succeeded in separating the boron element (Boron).
Gay-Lussac studied fermentation and the chemical composition of water and prussic acid (hydrocyanine acid, which is a highly toxic substance). His most important scientific achievement was the law that bears his name: Gay-Lussac's Law, which is related to the volumetric ratios of the union of gases.
Gay-Lussac made two balloon flights to study terrestrial magnetism.