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معالجة الأحواض
PROCESSING SINKS
The design , placement and construction of the darkroom sink is of extreme importance . The student photographer , the advanced amateur and possibly the free - lance photographer who does very little of his own processing may be able to get by very nicely with a sink which is only large enough for washing films and prints , mixing solutions and miscellaneous work which a sink is always called upon to handle .
The commercial darkroom , however , will find such a sink inadequate . The darkroom sink to the commercial photographer is a combination of developing bench and darkroom sink and it must , therefore , be made long enough to handle all processing operations for both film and paper . Depending upon the amount of work handled , print washing may be performed in the sink , or in a separate print washer . For that reason , in a commercial darkroom the processing sink should have the dimensions discussed earlier under the heading of Developing Bench , plus some allowance for washing , if washing is to be done in it . Even if no print washing is to be done in the processing sink , it should still have space for miscellaneous washing operations and the handling of solutions in addition to the space required for print processing .
If only one or two people will be using the sink at any one time , it can generally be placed against the wall , but in larger operations where several people may have to work at the sink at one time , it is often best to install a two - sided sink far enough away from any wall so that people may work conveniently on both sides . Faucets , safe - lights and a shelf for graduates , funnels and similar processing equipment can be mounted over the center of the sink .
It is important that the darkroom sink be made of the correct material for photographic use . Incorrect material may result in corrosion or leaks or both , thus greatly shortening the life of the sink , as well as causing considerable inconvenience .
A good darkroom sink must be resistant to the corrosive action of the processing solutions used in photography ; it must be strong and durable so that it will last a good many years ; and it must be easily cleaned . The principal materials used in darkroom sinks are discussed in the following pages .
STAINLESS STEEL . Stainless steel of the proper composition makes a very satisfactory processing sink , but it is important to know that not all stainless steels are suitable . If a stainless steel sink is purchased , make sure you buy it from a manufacturer who specializes in photographic sinks so as to be sure of the correct stainless steel alloy . If the sink is made to your specifications by a local fabricator , be sure to specify the composition of stainless steel to be used . For highest corrosion resistance , specify the use of Type 316 of 18-8 composition ( 18-8 designation means that the stainless steel has a content of 18 % chromium and 8 % nickel ) .
An important point to bear in mind in the use of stainless steel sinks is that while they are resistant to all chem icals normally used in photo graphy , they are not corrosion proof against the action of bleach solutions used in color processing except for relatively short periods of time . If such bleach solu are used , they should be rinsed off with reasonable promptness or the stainless steel will pit . Figure 9 shows a simple stainless steel sink such as may be used by a one man operation . Figure 10 shows a sink of this type in use in a typical darkroom in stallation .
Figure 9 A modern stainless steel processing sink .
Figure 10 Stainless steel processing equipment in use in a darkroom .
FIBERGLASS . It is now possible to purchase small dark room sinks made of molded fiberglass ( see Figure 11 ) . Such small sinks have good deal to recommend them for the ad vanced amateur or the student whose requirements are still simple . They are quite inex pensive and yet will give good service , the material being un affected by any of the common . photographic solutions . The stand can be made of wood or waterpipe , either of which is within the ability of most photographers to construct .
If a larger size processing sink is required , it can be made of plywood and lined with fiberglass . The plywood should preferably be 3/4 inch thick and of the outdoor moisture resistant ) type so that the plies will not separate if they become wet . After the sink is construct ed , it should be lined with the fiberglass material and coated with a polyvinal or epoxy resin to insure a waterproof seal . Both the cloth and the resin can be obtained from most marine supply stores since they are widely used on small boats . The instructions provided with this material for its application to boats can be followed with but slight modifications when building a darkroom sink . A fiberglass coated sink will withstand all ordinary photographic solutions without difficulty , but dichromate - sulfuric acid bleach solutions should be avoided .
Figure 11 A fiberglass darkroom sink .
LEAD LINED WOOD . A simple wood sink lined with lead will work quite satisfactorily if the seams are " burned " and not soldered . If solder is used , corrosion will occur at the soldered joints . A properly made lead lined wood sink is structurally strong , has the proper resistance to corrosion , is easily kept clean and is relatively inexpensive . Since the lead lining provides the water - tightness , no special wood required for the body other than that it be reasonably sound construction lumber . To prevent buckling of the wood , however , metal tie rods should be used at the ends , and if the sink is a long one , at intervals along the length . Tongue and groove joints should be used for this construction .
A medium weight of lead lining , weighing 6 to 8 lbs . per square foot should be used . The thickness will run from 3/32 to 1/8 inch .
WOOD . Wood processing sinks and tanks if given only minimum attention will last a lifetime . They have the advantage of being relatively inexpensive and easily fabricated to special generally offsets the fact that they are quite bulky and crude in appearance and must be kept wet all the time or the planks will shrink and cause the tank to leak . Because the planks are always wet , they have a tendency to accumulate slime and special precautions must be taken to prevent this .
Wood processing sinks are best made by a firm specializing in the construction of wooden sinks and tanks . A firm of this kind has the necessary experience to decide on all important construction details , particularly with regard to the proper number and placement of the tie rods which are essential to prevent buckling and leaking .
The preferred wood to use is Louisiana tidewater red cypress ( heart quality ) at least 1-3 / 8 inches thick when dressed or finished . This thickness is required because the planks must be counter - bored for the 3/8 inch diameter steel tie rod and the one - inch steel washers usually used to hold the planks together . The individual planks should be of either 10 or 12 inch wide lumber so that a single board may be used for the sides and provide sufficient depth .
We do not believe it advisable to give detailed construction information for the fabrication of wood processing sinks in this Assignment . As we have stated previously , while the construction of such a sink is fairly simple , it nevertheless requires a certain amount of know - how , and for that reason the job should be handled by someone who is experienced in the fabrication of wooden tanks . However , the following general notes may prove of value .
The ends of the sink should be mortised to the sides . If partitions are used in a very long sink , these partitions should also be mortised to the sides . The bottoms should similarly mortised to ends , sides and partitions . The planks should be joined to form panels for the bottom . All the elements - sides , ends and bottom - should be held together by steel tie rods 3/8 inch in diameter . It is standard practice to use butt joints instead of tongue and groove joints because the simple butt joint can be held together more satisfactorily by tightening the tie rods as shrinkage occurs . Ordinary tongue and groove joints are far from even , so it is very difficult to tighten them sufficiently to make the sink water tight . Furthermore , excessive swelling of the wood when it is thoroughly soaked may cause the thinner wood of the joint to buckle or split .
A wood sink when dry will leak . The tie rods should be taken up so they are fairly firm , but not too much pressure should be exerted . Water to a depth of about 1/2 inch to 1 inch should be maintained in the tank until the tank swells enough to make the sink water tight . If the joints are so loose or uneven that the sink leaks too rapidly during the swelling process , the sink may be lined with two or three thicknesses of burlap or similar material which can then be wet down thoroughly . After a few days the leakage should dwindle to the point where water may be added for the final swelling process . If necessary , the rods may be taken up during the swelling operation .
THE USE OF DUCKBOARDS . All darkroom and processing sinks should be provided with duckboards . A duckboard is simply a series of wooden slats held together by a few wood strips , as shown in Figure 12 , to provide a shallow platform . The duckboard covers the bottom of the sink and raises tanks and trays above the bottom so that any spillage or any water which accumulates in the sink will not touch the trays themselves . If the sink is large , it is best to make the duckboard in sections .
معدات الغرفة المظلمة ..
تخطيط الغرفة المظلمة ..
معالجة الأحواض
PROCESSING SINKS
The design , placement and construction of the darkroom sink is of extreme importance . The student photographer , the advanced amateur and possibly the free - lance photographer who does very little of his own processing may be able to get by very nicely with a sink which is only large enough for washing films and prints , mixing solutions and miscellaneous work which a sink is always called upon to handle .
The commercial darkroom , however , will find such a sink inadequate . The darkroom sink to the commercial photographer is a combination of developing bench and darkroom sink and it must , therefore , be made long enough to handle all processing operations for both film and paper . Depending upon the amount of work handled , print washing may be performed in the sink , or in a separate print washer . For that reason , in a commercial darkroom the processing sink should have the dimensions discussed earlier under the heading of Developing Bench , plus some allowance for washing , if washing is to be done in it . Even if no print washing is to be done in the processing sink , it should still have space for miscellaneous washing operations and the handling of solutions in addition to the space required for print processing .
If only one or two people will be using the sink at any one time , it can generally be placed against the wall , but in larger operations where several people may have to work at the sink at one time , it is often best to install a two - sided sink far enough away from any wall so that people may work conveniently on both sides . Faucets , safe - lights and a shelf for graduates , funnels and similar processing equipment can be mounted over the center of the sink .
It is important that the darkroom sink be made of the correct material for photographic use . Incorrect material may result in corrosion or leaks or both , thus greatly shortening the life of the sink , as well as causing considerable inconvenience .
A good darkroom sink must be resistant to the corrosive action of the processing solutions used in photography ; it must be strong and durable so that it will last a good many years ; and it must be easily cleaned . The principal materials used in darkroom sinks are discussed in the following pages .
STAINLESS STEEL . Stainless steel of the proper composition makes a very satisfactory processing sink , but it is important to know that not all stainless steels are suitable . If a stainless steel sink is purchased , make sure you buy it from a manufacturer who specializes in photographic sinks so as to be sure of the correct stainless steel alloy . If the sink is made to your specifications by a local fabricator , be sure to specify the composition of stainless steel to be used . For highest corrosion resistance , specify the use of Type 316 of 18-8 composition ( 18-8 designation means that the stainless steel has a content of 18 % chromium and 8 % nickel ) .
An important point to bear in mind in the use of stainless steel sinks is that while they are resistant to all chem icals normally used in photo graphy , they are not corrosion proof against the action of bleach solutions used in color processing except for relatively short periods of time . If such bleach solu are used , they should be rinsed off with reasonable promptness or the stainless steel will pit . Figure 9 shows a simple stainless steel sink such as may be used by a one man operation . Figure 10 shows a sink of this type in use in a typical darkroom in stallation .
Figure 9 A modern stainless steel processing sink .
Figure 10 Stainless steel processing equipment in use in a darkroom .
FIBERGLASS . It is now possible to purchase small dark room sinks made of molded fiberglass ( see Figure 11 ) . Such small sinks have good deal to recommend them for the ad vanced amateur or the student whose requirements are still simple . They are quite inex pensive and yet will give good service , the material being un affected by any of the common . photographic solutions . The stand can be made of wood or waterpipe , either of which is within the ability of most photographers to construct .
If a larger size processing sink is required , it can be made of plywood and lined with fiberglass . The plywood should preferably be 3/4 inch thick and of the outdoor moisture resistant ) type so that the plies will not separate if they become wet . After the sink is construct ed , it should be lined with the fiberglass material and coated with a polyvinal or epoxy resin to insure a waterproof seal . Both the cloth and the resin can be obtained from most marine supply stores since they are widely used on small boats . The instructions provided with this material for its application to boats can be followed with but slight modifications when building a darkroom sink . A fiberglass coated sink will withstand all ordinary photographic solutions without difficulty , but dichromate - sulfuric acid bleach solutions should be avoided .
Figure 11 A fiberglass darkroom sink .
LEAD LINED WOOD . A simple wood sink lined with lead will work quite satisfactorily if the seams are " burned " and not soldered . If solder is used , corrosion will occur at the soldered joints . A properly made lead lined wood sink is structurally strong , has the proper resistance to corrosion , is easily kept clean and is relatively inexpensive . Since the lead lining provides the water - tightness , no special wood required for the body other than that it be reasonably sound construction lumber . To prevent buckling of the wood , however , metal tie rods should be used at the ends , and if the sink is a long one , at intervals along the length . Tongue and groove joints should be used for this construction .
A medium weight of lead lining , weighing 6 to 8 lbs . per square foot should be used . The thickness will run from 3/32 to 1/8 inch .
WOOD . Wood processing sinks and tanks if given only minimum attention will last a lifetime . They have the advantage of being relatively inexpensive and easily fabricated to special generally offsets the fact that they are quite bulky and crude in appearance and must be kept wet all the time or the planks will shrink and cause the tank to leak . Because the planks are always wet , they have a tendency to accumulate slime and special precautions must be taken to prevent this .
Wood processing sinks are best made by a firm specializing in the construction of wooden sinks and tanks . A firm of this kind has the necessary experience to decide on all important construction details , particularly with regard to the proper number and placement of the tie rods which are essential to prevent buckling and leaking .
The preferred wood to use is Louisiana tidewater red cypress ( heart quality ) at least 1-3 / 8 inches thick when dressed or finished . This thickness is required because the planks must be counter - bored for the 3/8 inch diameter steel tie rod and the one - inch steel washers usually used to hold the planks together . The individual planks should be of either 10 or 12 inch wide lumber so that a single board may be used for the sides and provide sufficient depth .
We do not believe it advisable to give detailed construction information for the fabrication of wood processing sinks in this Assignment . As we have stated previously , while the construction of such a sink is fairly simple , it nevertheless requires a certain amount of know - how , and for that reason the job should be handled by someone who is experienced in the fabrication of wooden tanks . However , the following general notes may prove of value .
The ends of the sink should be mortised to the sides . If partitions are used in a very long sink , these partitions should also be mortised to the sides . The bottoms should similarly mortised to ends , sides and partitions . The planks should be joined to form panels for the bottom . All the elements - sides , ends and bottom - should be held together by steel tie rods 3/8 inch in diameter . It is standard practice to use butt joints instead of tongue and groove joints because the simple butt joint can be held together more satisfactorily by tightening the tie rods as shrinkage occurs . Ordinary tongue and groove joints are far from even , so it is very difficult to tighten them sufficiently to make the sink water tight . Furthermore , excessive swelling of the wood when it is thoroughly soaked may cause the thinner wood of the joint to buckle or split .
A wood sink when dry will leak . The tie rods should be taken up so they are fairly firm , but not too much pressure should be exerted . Water to a depth of about 1/2 inch to 1 inch should be maintained in the tank until the tank swells enough to make the sink water tight . If the joints are so loose or uneven that the sink leaks too rapidly during the swelling process , the sink may be lined with two or three thicknesses of burlap or similar material which can then be wet down thoroughly . After a few days the leakage should dwindle to the point where water may be added for the final swelling process . If necessary , the rods may be taken up during the swelling operation .
THE USE OF DUCKBOARDS . All darkroom and processing sinks should be provided with duckboards . A duckboard is simply a series of wooden slats held together by a few wood strips , as shown in Figure 12 , to provide a shallow platform . The duckboard covers the bottom of the sink and raises tanks and trays above the bottom so that any spillage or any water which accumulates in the sink will not touch the trays themselves . If the sink is large , it is best to make the duckboard in sections .
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