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أنواع الكاميرات القياسية ..
كاميرا الرؤية ..
THE VIEW CAMERA
The view camera is the standard commercial instrument . The name is derived from the fact that it was used extensively , when first introduced , to photograph views or landscapes . However , the present hand - held camera has now largely replaced it for that purpose . Modern view cameras are shown in Figures 24 and 25 .
The view camera is large and bulky as compared to other types , but it is supreme in its own field . It has a wider range of adjustments and movements than any other , and where a tripod type camera can be used , it is the most flexible of all cameras .
Figure 24 All - metal , 4 x 5 portable view camera .
Figure 25 A studio view camera built specifically for portrait work .
The view camera has an unusually long bellows extension , so that it can be used with lenses focal lengths , or for close - up work such as copying . Both the front and back of the camera travel along geared racks or rails , so that it can be focused either at front or back . For wide - angle work , for example , the lens can be racked all the way to the front so that the camera bed is not in the field of view , and focusing is done by moving the camera back in and out .
The view camera is square with a reversing back , so that it will take either vertical or horizontal pictures . It also has a rising and falling front by means of which the lens can be raised or lowered as needed to take in more of the subject at top or bottom without tilting the camera and introducing perspective distortion . The back also swings either vertically or horizontally . This feature is important in portraiture and essential in architectural photography and will be discussed in detail in later assignments .
Some view cameras also have a swing front so the lens as well as the back can be swung in any direction . This is a convenience , but not an absolute essential .
Focusing is always done on the groundglass screen . Since the view camera is generally used commercially , the standard sizes are 4 x 5 , 5 x 7 and 8 x 10 inches .
The sensitive material used with a view camera is sheet film , although glass plates may be used for special types of work . The sheet film is carried in film holders , each of which holds two individual films , one on each side . The film holder is slipped into position in front of the groundglass just before the exposure is made , and a protective slide withdrawn from the holder to uncover the film .
The view camera is definitely a tripod instrument . It is much too cumbersome to set up rapidly and too bulky for snapshot work , and so it is generally used either for time exposure or relatively slow instantaneous exposures . It also accommodates a variety of lenses from extreme wide - angle to long telephotos .
أنواع الكاميرات القياسية ..
كاميرا الرؤية ..
THE VIEW CAMERA
The view camera is the standard commercial instrument . The name is derived from the fact that it was used extensively , when first introduced , to photograph views or landscapes . However , the present hand - held camera has now largely replaced it for that purpose . Modern view cameras are shown in Figures 24 and 25 .
The view camera is large and bulky as compared to other types , but it is supreme in its own field . It has a wider range of adjustments and movements than any other , and where a tripod type camera can be used , it is the most flexible of all cameras .
Figure 24 All - metal , 4 x 5 portable view camera .
Figure 25 A studio view camera built specifically for portrait work .
The view camera has an unusually long bellows extension , so that it can be used with lenses focal lengths , or for close - up work such as copying . Both the front and back of the camera travel along geared racks or rails , so that it can be focused either at front or back . For wide - angle work , for example , the lens can be racked all the way to the front so that the camera bed is not in the field of view , and focusing is done by moving the camera back in and out .
The view camera is square with a reversing back , so that it will take either vertical or horizontal pictures . It also has a rising and falling front by means of which the lens can be raised or lowered as needed to take in more of the subject at top or bottom without tilting the camera and introducing perspective distortion . The back also swings either vertically or horizontally . This feature is important in portraiture and essential in architectural photography and will be discussed in detail in later assignments .
Some view cameras also have a swing front so the lens as well as the back can be swung in any direction . This is a convenience , but not an absolute essential .
Focusing is always done on the groundglass screen . Since the view camera is generally used commercially , the standard sizes are 4 x 5 , 5 x 7 and 8 x 10 inches .
The sensitive material used with a view camera is sheet film , although glass plates may be used for special types of work . The sheet film is carried in film holders , each of which holds two individual films , one on each side . The film holder is slipped into position in front of the groundglass just before the exposure is made , and a protective slide withdrawn from the holder to uncover the film .
The view camera is definitely a tripod instrument . It is much too cumbersome to set up rapidly and too bulky for snapshot work , and so it is generally used either for time exposure or relatively slow instantaneous exposures . It also accommodates a variety of lenses from extreme wide - angle to long telephotos .
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