موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ش

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter Sh

⏹ Chaptal, Jean-Antoine Claude, Comte de Chantillo
Chaptal, Jean-Antoine Claude, Comte de Chanteloup

French chemist (1756-1832)

Chaptal learned medicine, chemistry and other natural sciences in Montpellier. Chaptal introduced the name nitrogen to chemistry. Chaptal was a supporter of the French Revolution, and he received a number of high leadership positions, reaching membership in the Supreme Council. Chaptal worked on introducing the metric system in weights and dimensions, and expanded the study of applied chemistry to include, for example, dyeing and viticulture. Chaptal earned the title of Count from Napoleon.

⏹ Chatelier, Henry Le Chatelier , Henry Le

French chemist (1850 - 1936)
Chatelier was a professor of chemistry in Paris, and his studies included wide areas of chemistry. In the year 1888, he discovered the rule called by his name «Chatelier rule» about the balance between the chemical system (for a reaction) and the external conditions that occur to it. And how the system adjusts itself so as to reduce or negate the effect of emergency conditions. Chatelier designed a device to measure the melting temperature of metals in an optical way, and also designed water brakes for trains. In addition, he contributed to the development of metal smelting and the ceramics industry.

⏹Charles Jacques Alexandre Cesar
Charles, Jacques Alexandre Cesar

French physicist (1746 - 1823)
Charles worked as a professor of physics in Paris, and he is the discoverer of one of the known gas laws: Charles’s law, which links the expansion of a confined amount of gas with its temperature.
Charles did not care to publish the results of his research until it fell under the gaze of the French chemist Gay-Lussac, who was conducting similar studies and reached the same results.
The scientist Charles is credited with carrying out the first ascent in a balloon, and he did so in application of his interest in the study of gases, and Charles was the first to use hydrogen gas in balloons.

⏹ Chazelle, Michelle

French mathematician (1793-1880)
Chazelle received his education in Paris and then worked in self-employment, but he soon left it to devote himself to mathematics, working as a professor at the Sorbonne · It was one of Chazelle's efforts to develop projective geometry, independently of Steiner, who was working on the same subject.
Chazelle wrote a book on geometry that is considered one of the important reference books entitled:
Historical brief on the origin and development of engineering methods
Apercu historique sur L'orig -
ine and the development of met hodes in geometry.

⏹ Chamberlain, Charles Edouard
Chamberland, Charles Edward

French bacteriologist (1851-1908)
Chamberlain worked with Pasteur and is best known for his invention of the unglazed ceramic filter (without a glass shell). The use of this filter has spread in laboratories.

⏹ Chamisu, Louis Charles Adelaide Deh
Chamisso, Louis Chales Adelaide de

German biologist and poet of French parents (1781-1838)
Under the weight of the circumstances of the French Revolution, the Chamisso family came to Berlin. Chamisu began to draw attention after he wrote a famous story about the man who sold his shadow.
Shamisu studied biology and was the first to discover the phenomenon of alternation of generations in some animals • Where different forms alternate in successive generations of the same type of animal between the generation of the grandfather and the generation of the grandson.
The Danish scientist Steenstrup took care of this study and continued his research on the phenomenon of generational exchange, complementing what Chamiso started with.

⏹ Hancourtois, Alexandre-Emile de Bivier
Alexandre Emile Beguyer de Chancourtois,

French geologist (1819 - 1886)
Chancourtois taught geology at the School of Mines in Paris. He was the first to doubt the periodicity of the elements (in Mendeleev's periodic table).
The elements were arranged spirally on a cylinder.
In it, Shankurtwa indicated that the vertical lines include the closely related elements, for example, the halogens: fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine. She did not realize the importance of his work at that time.

Chabaneau, Francois

French chemist (1754 - 1842)
Shabanu began his education by studying theology, but he was expelled from the school because of his criticism and ridicule of metaphysical concepts. Shabanou was obliged to work as a professor of mathematics in Passy before he completed his seventeenth year, due to the narrowness of his financial situation.
During his work in teaching, he had the opportunity to study physics and mathematics, and finally he worked as a professor of metallurgy, physics and chemistry in Madrid, where he conducted his famous studies on metal platinum, where he was able in the end to prepare pure, malleable platinum.