موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ز

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter Z

Al-Zarqali, Ibrahim
al-Zarqali, Ibrahim

An Arab-Andalusian astronomer, instrument maker, and inventor (1029-1087).
Abu Ishaq Al-Zarqali was one of the famous mathematicians and astronomers of his time • Astronomy in addition to the tools used in it, especially the astrolabe.
He was the first to write about the rotation of the planets in elliptical orbits, and this opinion was unacceptable in his time.
Among his well-known books is a book on the astrolabe known as “Al-Sahifa Al-Zarqaliyya” in which he explains, under the name of the use of the astrolabe, on a new method and in an easy manner, in which he also mentioned information in astronomy and calculating the positions of the stars.
It is mentioned that he made important improvements and was able to translate his book into Latin on the astrolabe and other tools.
Al-Zarqali is known in European literature as Arzachel, and his residence was in Toledo. He was the first to prove that the movement of the sun's apogee is 12.04
seconds for fixed stars, and the real number is estimated at 11.08.

⏹ Zernicke, Fritz.

Dutch physicist (1888-) ·
Zernike worked in broad scientific research, but his most prominent work was the development of the “Phase Contrast Principle” in the science of optics. This principle is of special importance in microscopic studies. · Zernike won the Rumford Medal.
From the Royal Society, and was chosen as a member of this society in 1956.
He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1952.

⏹ Al-Zahrawi, Abu al-Qasim Khalaf al-Zahrawi

Andalusian physician, surgeon, and scientist (000, 1036).
Al-Zahrawi was born in Al-Zahra, near Cordoba, and is attributed to it.
Al-Mazhrawi is considered one of the most famous Muslim surgeons - his book Al-Ta'rif for those who were unable to compose is in thirty parts, and it discusses medicine in general.
In the book, there are researches on sterilization, obstetrics, and treatment of the eye, ear, and teeth. The book has been translated into Latin.
The most important thing that distinguishes Al-Zahrawi is that he was one of the first to treat surgery as a self-sustaining art independent of medication and related to anatomy • Al-Zahrawi was the first to use arterial ligation to prevent bleeding.

⏹ Szilard, Leo Szilard, Leo

Hungarian-American physicist (1898 - 1964)
Szilard studied engineering in Budapest, and he also received the study of physics at the hands of Einstein and Max Planck in Berlin, where Zilard worked as a lecturer and did important research in thermodynamics and statistics. He worked for a while in England, then emigrated to America. He was one of the first to realize the military importance of Hans and Meitner's experiments in nuclear fission.
Szilard shares with Einstein the responsibility for the letter that was sent to US President Roosevelt in the fall of 1939 advising him of the necessity
The production of the atomic bomb by the German Nazis.
He participated in the production of the atomic bomb and was keen to use it against Japan, but he later participated with Einstein in the campaign calling for the dissemination of atomic secrets and the creation of an international authority to supervise it.

⏹ Zeeman Pieter Zeeman ,

Dutch physicist (1865 - 1943)
Zeeman learned in «Leiden» and after graduating he worked there as an assistant teacher and then a professor of physics. He was a reference in the field of magneto-optics • During his work with Lorenz, he discovered the effect called the Zeeman effect, which is related to the dividing or doubling of the spectra arising from the light of passing through a magnetic field.
Zeeman is a member of the Royal Society.
He participated with Lorentz in sharing the Nobel Prize for Physics.