موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١_ج

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors.. Scientists in order according to their nickname.. The letter 1_J

Joule, James Prescott
Joule James Prescott

English physicist (years 1818 - 1889).
Joule was one of the greatest physicists in England
He has important discoveries, including the law of heating in the electrical conductor, and many researches in electromagnetism. His most famous work is determining the mechanical equivalent of heat. He has many important physical researches. Joule's lack of involvement in teaching affected the lack of fame for his works during his life.
He was awarded the Copley Medal and was a Fellow of the Royal Society. The unit of energy, the joule, is named after him. A joule is equal to a watt x a second.

⏹ Joly, John

Irish geologist (1857 - 1933)
He was a teacher of geology and mineralogy in Dublin. · He invented a device for measuring the intensity of light: the photometer, composed of the sun according to Julie Omar, and oceanic tin minerals based on the rate of sedimentation of sodium in rivers. He has valuable studies in geology, chemistry, and treatment with radium radiation. Jolly was chosen as a Fellow of the British Royal Society.

⏹ Julio, Jean-Frederic (Julio-Curie)
Joliot, Jean Fredric (Joliot - Curie)

French physicist and engineer (1900-1958).
He began his scientific career as an engineer, then studied chemistry and reached the rank of professor at the Radium Institute in Paris. Joliot, in collaboration with his wife Irene, daughter of Pierre and Marie Curie, produced a number of radioactive elements by artificial means.
Julio was appointed director of the French National Center for Scientific Research, and he also held the position of General Commissioner for Atomic Energy in France in 1946. Unfortunately, Julio and his wife Irene were excluded from their positions in the Atomic Energy Commission because of their sympathy with the French progressives. Julio and Irene won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the phenomenon of artificial radiation.

⏹ Julio-Corey, Irene
Irene Curie, Joliot

French physicist (1897 - 1956)
Irene received her education at the Sorbonne, and Irene was influenced by her mother, Maria Curie, and her father, Pierre Curie. Irene worked as a researcher in a Korean laboratory and partnered with her husband, Frédéric Joliot.
In sharing the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1935 · Irene and her husband were able to produce a radioactive substance industrially by bombarding “boron” with a stream of fast “alpha” particles.

⏹ Johnston, Herrick Lee
Johnston Herrick Lee

American chemist ( 1898 - )
Johnston received his education at California institutes and worked at Ohio State University and in California, then returned to Ohio as a professor of chemistry. It does not exceed zero except by parts of a degree Celsius.

⏹ Al-Jawhari, Ismail bin Hammad
Jawhari al

Islamic linguist and inventor (000-1003)
Abu Nasr al-Jawhari was of Turkish origin from the city of Farab. He entered Iraq at a young age and toured the Hijaz and the desert to return to Khorasan (Iran) and reside in Nishapur.
Al-Jawhari was one of the famous linguists of his time and wrote books on that.
He had a penchant for invention, so he focused his efforts on flying, so he made himself two wings of wood, tied them with a rope, and climbed to the roof of his house trying to fly in the air.. However, his invention was not mature, and he fell to the ground dead.
His importance here is due to the element of risk and daring he has to achieve his idea, even if it is at the expense of his life.
See Abbas Ibn Firnas.

⏹ Gerard - John, Gerard

English herbalist and surgeon (1545-1612)
Gerard worked in the gardening profession, then worked as a surgeon as a barber, where he advanced in this field in a remarkable way. Gerard's fame goes back to publishing the Herball Book in 1597, which included much of the material in Dodoen's book, which appeared previously on the history of herbs, under the title. Historia Pemptades Stirbium.

⏹ Jenner, Edward Jenner,

English physician (1749 - 1823)
Jenner received his education at the hands of Ludlow and Hunter, and he began to study smallpox, and he noticed that women working in milking cows and those suffering from cowpox on their hands had immunity against smallpox. From this observation, he suggested in 1798 vaccination using cowpox vaccine. After strong opposition from his fellow doctors, the feasibility of this preventive treatment method was proven, and its use spread globally.
It is reported that Jenner published a famous article about the Cuckoo.