موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ج

Encyclopedia of scientists and inventors .. Scientists in order according to the nickname .
the letter G

⏹ Gap, Robert Francis
Japp Francis Robert

Scottish chemist of Dutch descent
( 1848 - 1925 )
Gap learned in St Andrews and continued his studies in law in Edinburgh, then turned to chemistry. He studied in Heidelberg and Bonn, where he received some education at the hands of Bunsen and Kekule respectively.
. Gap was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society, then he worked as a professor of chemistry in Aberdeen. The most prominent studies he did were on benzyl, benzoin, and phenanthraquinone.

⏹ Jabir bin Hayyan, bin Abdullah Al-Kufi
Jabir ibn Hayyan

Arab alchemist (000 - 815)
Known as Geber in Latin, he is the Arab father of chemistry. Jaber praised the importance of the experiment, which enabled him to advance tangible theoretical and practical progress in the subject of chemistry and its impact is clear on the course and development of chemistry in Europe.
Jabir bin Hayyan introduced improvements in the methods of evaporation, filtering, melting, distillation and crystallization. He was also able to prepare a lot of chemicals such as mercury sulfide and arsenious oxide. He was the first to extract sulfuric acid and called it vitriol oil, and the first to
Discover caustic soda.
Some of Jabir bin Hayyan's terminology has been transferred from Arabic through Latin to European languages, including: Tutia (zinc oxide) Alkali (alkali).
. His most important experiments in chemistry and the results he reached are recorded in the famous book Al-Sabeen, which includes 70 articles.
Many of his writings were translated into Latin in the Middle Ages.

⏹ Jacobson, Carlyle
Jacobsen, Carlyle

American psychologist (1902).
Jacobsen learned in Minnesota, then worked there as a psychology mentor, and soon left to Yale, Harvard, Cornell, Washington, and finally the University of Iowa. Jacobsen conducted experiments on the higher power to show that the heart and blood circulation work during the usual daily activities with the same effort as they work during the intense muscular activities. He also explained that the brain is responsible for many physical disorders such as sweating, blood pressure, and so on.

Jansen, Pierre Gilles Cesar
Janssen, Pierre Jules Cesar

French astronomer (1824 - 1907)
Jansen studied in Paris and focused his efforts on physics and chemistry, then worked as head of the Astrophysical Observatory in Midoun, and Jansen suffered from deformation of the limbs since his childhood. Jansen was interested in the solar eclipse that occurred in the year 1868, so he was encouraged to study the light lines in the spectrum in the atmosphere of the sun that appear when there is no eclipse. Gaseous masses with a cloudy appearance emitted into the sun's atmosphere.

⏹ Janet, Pierre Marie Felix
Pierre Marie Félix Janet,

French psychologist (1859 - 1947)
Janet studied in Paris, then lectured in philosophy, held the position of director of the psychological laboratory at La Salpetiere, and finally worked as a professor of psychology at the “College de France.”
Jannet conducted studies on hysteria, anxious obsessions (obsessions), nervous states, and similar topics, and wrote a number of references on these diseases. Among his most famous books: Major Symptoms of Hysteria and Les Méditations Psychologiques. It should be noted that Freud He described Jannet’s theory of hysteria as the first important theory in psychology, because this theory considers hysteria to be a state of dissolution or failure in composition resulting from the degeneration of psychological energy, and this was based on direct observations in the clinic of the French psychologist Charcot. Where he received a lot of his education.

⏹ Jagmundi, Richard Adolf
Zsigmondy, Richard Adolf

Austrian chemist (1865 - 1929)
Jagmundi was educated at the Technical School in Vienna. Then he learned at the universities of Munich and Berlin • Jagmundi worked in Vienna glass laboratories and then a professor of physics in Gettingen * He was famous for his research on colloids and for his invention of the microscope called the ultramicroscope, which was very useful in the study of colloids. Jagmundi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1925.

⏹ Al-Jaldaki, Ali bin Muhammad bin Aydmar
Jildaki al

Islamic chemist and philosopher (000-1341)
Al-Jaldaki, known as Izz al-Din, is attributed to the village of Jaldak from the villages of Khorasan (Iran) near the city of Mashhad. He moved between Cairo and Damascus and focused his efforts on deepening knowledge of chemistry.
Al-Jaldaki wrote a number of books on chemistry, including the treasure of specialization in knowing the properties, Al-Badr Al-Munir in knowing the secrets of elixir, Al-Burhan in the secrets of the science of balance, and Al-Misbah in the science of the key.

⏹ Jordan, Kimmy (Marie Anmon Kimmy)
Camille (Marie Ennmond Camille) Jordan ,

French mathematician (1838 - 1922)
Jordan received his education in Paris and worked as a professor of mathematics at the Ecole Polytechnic and as an editor at the Journal de Mathmatic.
Jordan worked in the early period on geometry, then expanded Galois work on group subsitutions with Galois algebraic equations.
Finally, he worked on the theory of functions, and applied the theory of functions of finite change to the special curve that bears the name of Jordan.