تويت
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الحديث
صنع صور متحركة للتلفزيون
المعدات
ملاحظات متنوعة على المعدات
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON EQUIPMENT
Professional movie equipment is very expensive and for that reason movie men do not own their own equipment unless they do all their work in a rather narrow field , such as making their own travelogs . Here a good 16mm camera together with its auxiliary equipment such as lenses , tripods , etc. , may prove sufficient and equipment of this kind can range in cost from a minimum of several hundred dollars to as much as several thousand dollars . Proper projection equipment will add another several hundred dollars at the least , since good sound projectors are not cheap . Nevertheless , this range of prices is not beyond the reach of a professional in this field .
Not much more equipment is needed for the photographer in one of the smaller cities who may wish to take on an occasional job of news coverage for the local TV station , a simple industrial film taken on location , or a teaching film for the service department of the town's leading manufacturer of home appliances . All of this work can be done with 16mm equipment , and if you intend to go after movie work of this nature , it is best to have your own equipment . This does not necessarily mean that you must be so well equipped that you can take on almost any assignment . In many of the larger cities , movie equipment can be rented by the day . So if a job you undertake calls for a special lens or accessories which you haven't purchased because you don't use them often enough , you can rent them instead .
Incidentally , before you take any pictures for a TV station , you had better check with them whether they expect you to use 35mm or 16mm film . Both sizes are used , but your station may have its own ideas on this subject .
If you work on a job that calls for 35mm equipment , rental is the only practical solution . Professional cameramen do not own their own 35mm cameras , not to mention all the other equipment that is needed to turn out a job . The cost is far beyond the reach of any single individual .
Much of the equipment . needed to film a quality . production is prohibitively expensive for a small film company to own and is out . of the question for a free lance movie cameraman . However , equipment can be rented by the day when needed . This makes produc tion planning important as you don't want to rent . equipment such as the boom dolly shown here any longer than is necessary . Courtesy of Wilding , Inc.
When buying a new lens for a movie camera , it is a good idea to check it for speed . An f / 8 on one lens , for example , may be somewhat faster or somewhat slower than an f / 8 on another lens . There are several reasons why this is so - the diaphragm action may be slightly inaccurate , the calibrations may not be exact , or the absorption of light by the glass may vary . A slow speed lens such as an f / 3.5 is relatively simple in construction , so that it absorbs very little of the light entering it . On the other hand , a high speed lens , such as an f / 1.4 , is quite complicated , being made up of a large number of glass elements , so that a fairly high percentage of the light entering it becomes lost and never reaches the film . The f / - number marking does not take this variation into account , so that an f / 8 marking on a simple lens may be noticeably faster than an f / 8 marking on a complex high speed lens . In still photography , this difference may pass unnoticed , but in professional quality movies , it may not .
To correct this situation , some lenses are marked in T stops , rather than F stops . The T stop is obtained by actually measuring the light transmission of the lens . A lens marked f / 1.4 may actually have an effective speed of only f / 1.6 , and the T stop would actually be 1.6 instead of 1.4 . The T stop should be used in determining exposure when lenses are so marked .
There are camera equipment specialists in a few of the larger cities who can check your lenses and let you know whether the f / - numbers match or , if you prefer , can give you the true T stop values by measuring the actual transmission of your lenses . Bear in mind that a T stop on one lens always gives exactly the same exposure as the same T stop on another lens , because the T stop values are determined by actually measuring the light that passes through the lens .
صنع صور متحركة للتلفزيون
المعدات
ملاحظات متنوعة على المعدات
MISCELLANEOUS NOTES ON EQUIPMENT
Professional movie equipment is very expensive and for that reason movie men do not own their own equipment unless they do all their work in a rather narrow field , such as making their own travelogs . Here a good 16mm camera together with its auxiliary equipment such as lenses , tripods , etc. , may prove sufficient and equipment of this kind can range in cost from a minimum of several hundred dollars to as much as several thousand dollars . Proper projection equipment will add another several hundred dollars at the least , since good sound projectors are not cheap . Nevertheless , this range of prices is not beyond the reach of a professional in this field .
Not much more equipment is needed for the photographer in one of the smaller cities who may wish to take on an occasional job of news coverage for the local TV station , a simple industrial film taken on location , or a teaching film for the service department of the town's leading manufacturer of home appliances . All of this work can be done with 16mm equipment , and if you intend to go after movie work of this nature , it is best to have your own equipment . This does not necessarily mean that you must be so well equipped that you can take on almost any assignment . In many of the larger cities , movie equipment can be rented by the day . So if a job you undertake calls for a special lens or accessories which you haven't purchased because you don't use them often enough , you can rent them instead .
Incidentally , before you take any pictures for a TV station , you had better check with them whether they expect you to use 35mm or 16mm film . Both sizes are used , but your station may have its own ideas on this subject .
If you work on a job that calls for 35mm equipment , rental is the only practical solution . Professional cameramen do not own their own 35mm cameras , not to mention all the other equipment that is needed to turn out a job . The cost is far beyond the reach of any single individual .
Much of the equipment . needed to film a quality . production is prohibitively expensive for a small film company to own and is out . of the question for a free lance movie cameraman . However , equipment can be rented by the day when needed . This makes produc tion planning important as you don't want to rent . equipment such as the boom dolly shown here any longer than is necessary . Courtesy of Wilding , Inc.
When buying a new lens for a movie camera , it is a good idea to check it for speed . An f / 8 on one lens , for example , may be somewhat faster or somewhat slower than an f / 8 on another lens . There are several reasons why this is so - the diaphragm action may be slightly inaccurate , the calibrations may not be exact , or the absorption of light by the glass may vary . A slow speed lens such as an f / 3.5 is relatively simple in construction , so that it absorbs very little of the light entering it . On the other hand , a high speed lens , such as an f / 1.4 , is quite complicated , being made up of a large number of glass elements , so that a fairly high percentage of the light entering it becomes lost and never reaches the film . The f / - number marking does not take this variation into account , so that an f / 8 marking on a simple lens may be noticeably faster than an f / 8 marking on a complex high speed lens . In still photography , this difference may pass unnoticed , but in professional quality movies , it may not .
To correct this situation , some lenses are marked in T stops , rather than F stops . The T stop is obtained by actually measuring the light transmission of the lens . A lens marked f / 1.4 may actually have an effective speed of only f / 1.6 , and the T stop would actually be 1.6 instead of 1.4 . The T stop should be used in determining exposure when lenses are so marked .
There are camera equipment specialists in a few of the larger cities who can check your lenses and let you know whether the f / - numbers match or , if you prefer , can give you the true T stop values by measuring the actual transmission of your lenses . Bear in mind that a T stop on one lens always gives exactly the same exposure as the same T stop on another lens , because the T stop values are determined by actually measuring the light that passes through the lens .
تعليق