دراسة ماككينون للإبداع ٢_a .. كتاب الإبداع وتربية

Fourth Form: The Scholar

This person has an exceptional memory and the ability to distinguish details and order. That is, he does not seek perfection in research and does not search in final matters, although he does not hesitate to ask for help when he encounters obstacles in his work, and he feels that he can adapt his own thinking to the thinking of others. External observers describe him as conscientious, thoughtful and reliable, but lacking in self-confidence and decisiveness.

The Fifth Model: The Artificer

This person gives of his time generously and enjoys talking about it with other researchers. He knows his limitations and does not try to do what he cannot. He sees himself as the owner of the ease of taking other people's poor ideas and creating programs out of them that are practical and useful.

The Sixth Form: The Aesthetician

This person prefers analytical thinking over all other forms of thinking, and prefers research problems that are subject to elegant and formal solutions. His interests are multiple and far-reaching, and he tends to be impatient if his progress is slow, or if he must be strict in the matter of organization and systemic details. His personal view of experience is primarily aesthetic. Outside observers saw him as skillful and spontaneous, but unreliable, immature, impatient and persevering, and uninterested in duties and responsibilities.

The seventh model: The Methodologist

This person has a vital interest in systems, methods, and the problems of mathematical analysis and concept formation. He is open about his research plans and enjoys talking to others. His competitive spirit is weak and tends to adopt a tolerant view of the difference in his research from the research of others. Observers describe him as a moderate, benevolent person who is free from ambitions that do not have any. The complex is cool and hard.

The eighth model: The Independent

This person hates teamwork and does not like administrative details related to the research process and works to avoid them. He is neither an impulsive nor an energetic man of research, though he does have a lively sense of intellectual curiosity, preferring to think in physical and structural formulas rather than in analytical and mathematical methods. Outside observers describe him as efficient and forceful in his methods and harsh and upright in his trials. He seems relatively free from anxiety and self-doubt, but he tends to be rude and harsh.

We do not forget to point out that such differences exist between all types of workers in any other field. We also do not forget to point out that there are individual differences between the individuals of each model. It is worth noting that when the heads of these researchers and their subordinates were asked to rank them according to their preference in the eyes of the superiors and subordinates, they gave the following arrangement:

(1) Regular. (2) The initiator. (3) Enthusiastic. (4) Makers
(5) Diagnosed. (6) aesthetic. (7) Independent. (8) The researcher. .

In view of the descriptions that we presented to these researchers, and given that they were working as researchers in industrial organizations, the arrangement that we presented is a reasonable and expected arrangement. Thus, the regular and the initiated were finally considered from the aesthetic, the independent, and the researcher.

And if we turn now to the images that the individuals we studied had of themselves as people and not as owners of a profession, it is clear that people with high creativity tend to be of good opinion of themselves. Thus, when (McKinnon) presented them with three hundred adjectives describing themselves, 98% of the creative architects said of themselves that they have a fertile imagination, 82% said of themselves that they are active and active, 90% said that they are honorable and idealistic, and 88% said that they are artists, civilized, intellectuals and intelligent. And conscientious people, 85% said they are reasonable, 82% said they are adaptable, determined, fair, independent, individualistic and progressive, and 80% said they are competent, cooperative, appreciative, enthusiastic, honest, healthy, diligent, caring and serious. Thus, it becomes clear that creative architects think well of themselves, and they have some right to that, given that those who did the study agree with them on most of what they said and describe them sometimes more than they described themselves.

But here is a paradox that must be noted, which is that architects describe themselves with inappropriate descriptions more than their less creative colleagues do. In fact, it seems that creative architects have a great deal of self-confidence that allows them to criticize themselves intelligently and consciously.

In general, it seems clear that truly creative people have images that are very different from the images that are possessed by those who are less creative about themselves. For example, creative architects often describe themselves as inventors determined, independent, individualistic, enthusiastic, while on the contrary, Less creative architects describe themselves as: Responsible, Candid, Reliable, Clear Thinking, Tolerant, and Understanding. In short, while creative people are strict in mentioning their invention, independence, individuality, enthusiasm, determination and hard work, the less creative ones are strict in mentioning their moral virtues, good nature and compassion for others.

Thus, in these personal descriptions, a person alludes to the most important qualities of a creative person, namely courage. By courage, we do not mean physical courage, but rather personal courage, moral courage that can be considered a central characteristic of the inventor who often distances himself from society - in its various forms - and even often stands against society. There is no doubt that the courage of the creator is manifested in many forms and in different types of behavior. Thus, the creator is a person who achieves himself and is not keen on being what people want him to be, nor is he concerned with their opinion of him and their impression of him.

Creative people are not committed in the field of their creativity, but on the other hand they are not chaotic, they are genuinely independent. In matters related to the field of their creativity, they often follow and adhere to the rules and customs, and their independence is not manifested in anything that is manifested in the field of their creativity, and therefore they are not productive except in their field.

The courage of the creative person is manifested through his awareness of the outer world and his inner world. This courage appears in his perceptive openness to his inner life experiences and to the outer environment and culture. One of the things in which the open or closed soul differs. The open-minded person is a person with a sharp and accurate perception, while the closed-minded individual is a person who clings to judgments and trials. Therefore, the life of a closed-minded individual is a disciplined life that is carefully planned and organized, and for this reason he often has strong fanaticism. As for the open-minded individual, he relies on accurate and correct perception, and therefore he is characterized by flexibility and spontaneity. The experiments and measurements (McKinnon) and his colleagues have indicated that the creative person is aware, open-minded, and ready to accept new experiences.

As for the tests designed to measure the tendency to mental disorders, such as euphoria, hysteria, paranoia, schizophrenia, and the like, the studies of McKinnon and his group have shown that creative examinees obtained average scores that exceed