نقد النظرية البورجوازية في الصحافة ١_a .. كتاب دراسات نظرية في علم الصحافة

Criticism of bourgeois theory in journalism

The general theory of socialist journalism constitutes a comprehensive, deep, integrated and harmonious vision of the basic principles, functions and tasks of the press, radio and television as powerful media for the broadest and strongest public influence. This vision (creed) is based on class-partisan foundations, and in this lies the source of its strength and victory.

The bourgeois theory of journalism does not and cannot possess such a correct, deep, integrated and harmonious belief. The reason for this is not due to a lack of theoretical understanding of the problems of journalism, or to the lack of appropriate scientific institutes and necessary scientific publications. On the contrary, As there are many scientific institutes in the developed capitalist countries that deal with journalistic issues, and many studies, researches and statistics are conducted in these countries, and many volumes are published in them on the theory of journalism (1).

The weakness and falsity of bourgeois theory in journalism lies in the deep roots of the bourgeois understanding of life, in bourgeois ideology, as well as in bourgeois philosophy. No matter how much differences there are between the different bourgeois authors, one can separate from his bourgeois thinking, and this is what predetermines the basic content. And they all did not, as a result, praise the bourgeois regime as an ideal paradise of freedom and prosperity, and they also presented, in crimson colors, the face of the bourgeois, reactionary, anti-democratic and anti-human press, radio and television, as journalistic means of mass influence. The sporadic critical remarks of the bourgeois journalistic practice do not change at all the essence of the bourgeois theories in the field of journalism. The power of their theories is the inability of the bourgeois journalistic theorists to see that the main and defining contradiction in . Our era is the contradiction between socialism and the bourgeoisie as two socio-economic systems that will inevitably lead to the impossibility of finding a general theory in journalism that is correct, truthful, and logical.

Bourgeois theorists in the field of journalism are looking for support and support in the various bourgeois philosophical doctrines that always lead them, and cannot but lead them, to false basic conclusions, to incorrect analyzes and conclusions, and to finding bourgeois theories related to all journalistic problems. Because of their bourgeois vision, and because they base their observations on the capitalist press, radio and television, the bourgeois theoreticians cannot reach (or discover)

The real laws of the press, those laws that can be understood in a way, discovered and clarified only from the sites of dialectical materialism and from the sites of the acute class struggle that our time is witnessing.

The main contradiction between socialism and capitalism leaves its strong impact on all areas of life. It is not possible to exclude from the defining effect of this contradiction neither the economic nor the political nor the intellectual life of any country. The press, as long as any theory in the press is related to the printed press, radio and television, which is one of the weapons in the massive ideological struggle for the awareness, feelings and moods of the broad popular masses.

The bourgeois theories about industrial and post-industrial society, about (convergence), non-ideology and other bourgeois ideological theories are reactionary, and in terms of epistemology they are superficial because they are limited to an external description of developments.

These theories do not take into account the economic dispute. The deep social relationship between socialism and capitalism and the work of completely different social laws: When the bourgeois theorists in the press rely on these theories, their opinions cannot differ much from the opinions of all the justifiers of capitalism.

After the Soviet professor Ya. n. Z. Ussuriski critically bourgeois theories in his study (Basic Trends in the Development of Contemporary Bourgeois Theories in Journalism), this professor reached this conclusion with a solid foundation, which confirms that the main and general deficiency of bourgeois theories in all journalism can be determined by ignoring or neglecting the character Class press, and not. Her ability to treat journalism as a means of knowing and changing the world (2). This explains the fact that the main characteristic of bourgeois science in the stage of the general crisis of capitalism is its refusal to address the general theoretical issues of journalism, and its focus on the detailed study of specific or practical journalistic problems (3). A study of private and practical problems in journalism is, of course, necessary, but no heaps of books on this subject can replace, or exclude. The basic and specific problems of the class content of the journalistic means of mass influence, its principles and its basic functions.

deserves attention among the books of bourgeois authors dealing with Fundamental problems of the general theory of journalism, book by American authors Fred Siberd and To Dore Peterson and Wilbur Schramm (Four Theories of Journalism). (4) Zasoriski has dealt with this book in some detail in his book, which we mentioned earlier.

The three American authors specify in the introduction to the book the basis from which they "start to assess the social importance of the press as follows: the press always takes the form and color of the socio-political system in which it operates, and the press reflects above all that system of popular control by which the organization of relations between individuals and institutions is achieved." Social We believe that understanding these aspects of society forms the basis of every systematic understanding of journalism.(5)

One gets the impression at first sight that Seibert, Peterson, and Schramm aspire to be objective because they acknowledge the connection. Press, radio, television and the social system, but this book is a typical example not of objectivity but of bourgeois objectivity and of the distorted interpretation of the (natural) legal link between the press, radio and television on the one hand, and between the class character of society, class interests and class struggle on the other hand. The authors' inability to see the class character of journalism, as Zasoriski asserts, although they dealt with the social aspects of journalism in the book, this inability led them to turn the dialogue into an ethical plan, and to link the development of journalism only to the development of philosophical theories and concepts, and to ignore the dependence of the development of journalism on the development of journalism. Production relations, productive forces and class struggle (6)

Seibert, Peterson, and Schramm treat the following four theories (Theory