تويت
التصوير الفوتوغرافي الحديث
التصوير الفوتوغرافي ٣٥ مم
صور الأكشن
توقف الحركة
ACTION PICTURES
Taking action pictures is far more than simply deciding on the correct shutter speed to stop movement . The important thing is to be ready for the right moment and to anticipate it when necessary , which is most of the time .
To be ready , you must generally follow the action through the viewfinder for some time before the actual exposure is made . Try to keep the subject properly located within the picture area , and keep it in that one best spot as you follow the action . This means moving the camera about , but action shots are always taken at fast shutter speeds so you need not fear camera movement so long as you follow the action smoothly and without jerkiness , and use the same smoothness in pressing the exposure button .
You must anticipate fast action if you want to catch it at the climactic moment . It takes an appreciable interval of time for you to press the button after you decide to do it . Depending on the speed of your reflexes , this interval may be as short as 1 / 10th second , but it is usually longer . Many high speed events are all over in much less than 1 / 10th second , so if you expect to get them at exactly the right moment , you must anticipate them - that is , start to press the button a fraction of a second beforehand . It will take practice for you to determine how long it takes you to react and , therefore , how much to anticipate action . There are two factors involved : your own reaction time and the speed of the action .
For example , if you want to capture a golfer's swing , press the button just as the swing begins . If you wait until the club is well on its way down , your picture will show the finish of the swing . Leaping figures on a stage or at an athletic event ( Figure 18 ) , a kitten jumping for a string , a batter swinging at a baseball , a football tackle in motion - all these require anticipation . If you wait until the action has started before you press the exposure button , you will be too late to catch it .
Figure 18 Fast action must be anticipated . To catch these players in air , photographer had to shoot a fraction of a second before they reached the peak .
STOPPING MOVEMENT
Any movement of the image on the film during exposure will result in unsharpness or blur . There are two basic reasons for such movement : the movement of the camera , or the subject . We suggest you review camera movement discussed in Assignment 1. Subject movement is often beyond our control , and it is our purpose now to see how we can use a camera to take good pictures , even when the subject is in rapid motion .
Seldom is the subject we photograph completely immobile . There may be walking figures in the camera field , or there may be moving cars , leaves rustling on a tree , grass swaying in the wind - life is never still . We deal with such movement by selecting a shutter speed fast enough so that movement of the image on the film during exposure is too small to be significant . Ordinarily , 1 / 60th second is fast enough . However , if we are shooting for slides and we expect to project them to a good size , or if we want to enlarge our black - and - white negatives to 8 x 10 or larger , 1 / 125th second is safer .
The faster the movement , the shorter the exposure must be to stop it . However , it isn't always possible to use the fastest shutter speeds - we may not have enough light for correct exposure , or we may have to stop the lens down to get necessary depth of field . It is , therefore , important to know the minimum shutter speed which stops action and yields sharp pictures . This depends on a number of factors in addition to the actual speed of movement .
Basically , anything that increases image size also increases image movement . Coming closer to the subject increases image size . This larger image will obviously move across a larger area of the film - in other words , there will be greater image movement and , therefore , more blur in the final picture . By the same token , moving back from the subject will decrease image size and reduce image movement .
A telephoto lens increases image size for a given distance , and the larger image will result in greater movement on the film in exact proportion to the size increase . A wide - angle lens produces less image movement from any given point simply because it projects a smaller image on the film , and not because of any inherent optical advantage .
Direction of movement is also an important factor in stopping motion . As an example , focus your camera on someone ten feet away facing the camera . Have him swing his arm rapidly from side to side . In , let us say , 1 / 60th second his hand will move through an appreciable distance and so will the image of his hand on the film . His hand will , therefore , be noticeably blurred at 1 / 60th second . Now have him move his hand back and forth instead of from side to side . If he aims hist hand exactly at the camera lens , the image movement will consist only of the relatively small change in size of the hand as it approaches or recedes from the camera . For this much smaller image movement , a shutter speed of 1 / 60th second will be quite adequate to stop all motion and produce a sharp picture , even though the actual speed of the hand was identical in both instances .
Direction , therefore , is important in stopping motion . The greater the angle between you and the subject , the faster must be the shutter speed . Objects moving at right angles to the camera require faster shutter speeds ; objects moving directly toward , or away , from the camera can be stopped with relatively slow shutter speeds .
Adopt this good basic rule when shooting action photos : Shoot at 1 / 125th second when the light permits . This will stop all ordinary motion of both subject and camera . For anything showing faster movement than an average street scene , be guided by Table I .
* For greater distances , use slower shutter speeds ; for shorter distances use faster shutter speeds , in proportion to the distance .
Table I , incidentally , gives the slowest shutter speeds required to stop motion . If in doubt , you should play safe and use a faster speed than shown in the table . Also , if a shutter speed slower than 1 / 60th second is shown in the table , be sure you hold the camera steady enough so as not to have camera movement . As we have already stated , it is always safer to shoot everything at 1 / 125th second , or faster if the light permits , to minimize the effect of slight camera movement .
التصوير الفوتوغرافي ٣٥ مم
صور الأكشن
توقف الحركة
ACTION PICTURES
Taking action pictures is far more than simply deciding on the correct shutter speed to stop movement . The important thing is to be ready for the right moment and to anticipate it when necessary , which is most of the time .
To be ready , you must generally follow the action through the viewfinder for some time before the actual exposure is made . Try to keep the subject properly located within the picture area , and keep it in that one best spot as you follow the action . This means moving the camera about , but action shots are always taken at fast shutter speeds so you need not fear camera movement so long as you follow the action smoothly and without jerkiness , and use the same smoothness in pressing the exposure button .
You must anticipate fast action if you want to catch it at the climactic moment . It takes an appreciable interval of time for you to press the button after you decide to do it . Depending on the speed of your reflexes , this interval may be as short as 1 / 10th second , but it is usually longer . Many high speed events are all over in much less than 1 / 10th second , so if you expect to get them at exactly the right moment , you must anticipate them - that is , start to press the button a fraction of a second beforehand . It will take practice for you to determine how long it takes you to react and , therefore , how much to anticipate action . There are two factors involved : your own reaction time and the speed of the action .
For example , if you want to capture a golfer's swing , press the button just as the swing begins . If you wait until the club is well on its way down , your picture will show the finish of the swing . Leaping figures on a stage or at an athletic event ( Figure 18 ) , a kitten jumping for a string , a batter swinging at a baseball , a football tackle in motion - all these require anticipation . If you wait until the action has started before you press the exposure button , you will be too late to catch it .
Figure 18 Fast action must be anticipated . To catch these players in air , photographer had to shoot a fraction of a second before they reached the peak .
STOPPING MOVEMENT
Any movement of the image on the film during exposure will result in unsharpness or blur . There are two basic reasons for such movement : the movement of the camera , or the subject . We suggest you review camera movement discussed in Assignment 1. Subject movement is often beyond our control , and it is our purpose now to see how we can use a camera to take good pictures , even when the subject is in rapid motion .
Seldom is the subject we photograph completely immobile . There may be walking figures in the camera field , or there may be moving cars , leaves rustling on a tree , grass swaying in the wind - life is never still . We deal with such movement by selecting a shutter speed fast enough so that movement of the image on the film during exposure is too small to be significant . Ordinarily , 1 / 60th second is fast enough . However , if we are shooting for slides and we expect to project them to a good size , or if we want to enlarge our black - and - white negatives to 8 x 10 or larger , 1 / 125th second is safer .
The faster the movement , the shorter the exposure must be to stop it . However , it isn't always possible to use the fastest shutter speeds - we may not have enough light for correct exposure , or we may have to stop the lens down to get necessary depth of field . It is , therefore , important to know the minimum shutter speed which stops action and yields sharp pictures . This depends on a number of factors in addition to the actual speed of movement .
Basically , anything that increases image size also increases image movement . Coming closer to the subject increases image size . This larger image will obviously move across a larger area of the film - in other words , there will be greater image movement and , therefore , more blur in the final picture . By the same token , moving back from the subject will decrease image size and reduce image movement .
A telephoto lens increases image size for a given distance , and the larger image will result in greater movement on the film in exact proportion to the size increase . A wide - angle lens produces less image movement from any given point simply because it projects a smaller image on the film , and not because of any inherent optical advantage .
Direction of movement is also an important factor in stopping motion . As an example , focus your camera on someone ten feet away facing the camera . Have him swing his arm rapidly from side to side . In , let us say , 1 / 60th second his hand will move through an appreciable distance and so will the image of his hand on the film . His hand will , therefore , be noticeably blurred at 1 / 60th second . Now have him move his hand back and forth instead of from side to side . If he aims hist hand exactly at the camera lens , the image movement will consist only of the relatively small change in size of the hand as it approaches or recedes from the camera . For this much smaller image movement , a shutter speed of 1 / 60th second will be quite adequate to stop all motion and produce a sharp picture , even though the actual speed of the hand was identical in both instances .
Direction , therefore , is important in stopping motion . The greater the angle between you and the subject , the faster must be the shutter speed . Objects moving at right angles to the camera require faster shutter speeds ; objects moving directly toward , or away , from the camera can be stopped with relatively slow shutter speeds .
Adopt this good basic rule when shooting action photos : Shoot at 1 / 125th second when the light permits . This will stop all ordinary motion of both subject and camera . For anything showing faster movement than an average street scene , be guided by Table I .
* For greater distances , use slower shutter speeds ; for shorter distances use faster shutter speeds , in proportion to the distance .
Table I , incidentally , gives the slowest shutter speeds required to stop motion . If in doubt , you should play safe and use a faster speed than shown in the table . Also , if a shutter speed slower than 1 / 60th second is shown in the table , be sure you hold the camera steady enough so as not to have camera movement . As we have already stated , it is always safer to shoot everything at 1 / 125th second , or faster if the light permits , to minimize the effect of slight camera movement .
تعليق