موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٧_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 17_b

⏹ Bertoulet, Claude Louis, Comte
Berthollet Claude Louis, comte

French chemist (1748-1822).
Berthollet was educated in Turin (Turin), where his main subject was medicine. He was related to the famous scientist Lavoisier. He worked as a professor at the Academy of Sciences in Paris, and Bertolet participated in Napoleon's campaign against Egypt, where he served as a scientific advisor to Napoleon. Berthollet analyzed ammonia and its compounds, as well as discovered the action of bleaching (removing colors) by means of chlorine gas. He also determined the composition of hydrocyanic acid (Prussic acid) and proved the possibility of the existence of oxygen-free acids, contrary to Lavoisier’s belief in the necessity of containing acids. His most prominent work was on Oxygen Berthollet, what he wrote, entitled: A treatise on static chemistry. Essai de statique chimique.

⏹ Bertello, Marcellin Pierre-Egine
Berthollet Marcellin Pierre Eugene

French chemist (1827-1907).
Bertillo worked first as a professor of organic chemistry at the Collège de France, then worked in charge of the scientific defense of Paris in 1870 because of his extensive experience in explosives · He also held the position of Minister of Foreign Affairs. He had very important contributions in thermochemistry to the extent that Bertello is considered the founder and developer of it. He tried to liquefy oxygen at eight hundred atmospheric pressure, but he did not succeed because of the lack of temperature pressure. He made a device to measure the latent heat of steam, and discovered a number of dyes extracted from coal tar. Bertello pointed out the possibility of nitrogen fixation by electrostatic discharge and by bacteria in clay soil. He was able to prepare a number of important organic compounds, thus demolishing the barrier that existed between organic and inorganic chemistry.

Byrd, Spencer Fullerton
Baird, Spencer Fullerton

American naturalist (1823-1887).
Bird learned at Dickinson College and Carlisle • Then he worked as a professor of natural history, and formed a huge collection of North American plants, and also held the position of secretary in some scientific institutions. ) and Bridgway in writing a book entitled: A History of North American Birds. Bird served as the chief government delegate for fish and fisheries affairs.

⏹ Berzelius Pines Jacob Baron
Bar on Berzelius Jons Jakob

Swedish chemist (1779 - 1848).
He worked in medical work, then worked in teaching pharmacy, medicine and chemistry. He made important chemical discoveries and many researches. However, his most important scientific achievement remains the development and devotion of the current symbols of chemical elements instead of the old complex and impractical symbols that were based on the symbol in geometric shapes of the elements.

⏹Pearcel, Edward Mills
Edward Mills Purcell

American physicist (1912-).
Pearsel studied at Purdue and Karlsruhe · He taught physics at Harvard, where he was a professor of physics. He shared with Bloch the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1952, in recognition of his research on the magnetic universe of atomic particles.

⏹ Bergman, Torben Olof
Torburn Olof Bergman ,

Swedish physicist and chemist 1735-1784
Bergman was educated by Linnaeus, the Swedish botanist (1707-1778) in Uppsala, then he worked as a professor of physics there. Bergman conducted extensive studies on carbon dioxide gas, and called it aerial acid. • He succeeded in preparing industrial mineral water. He is also credited with discovering hydrogen sulfide gas in mineral springs. Bergman believed in the materiality of fire (phlogiston), an idea that was nullified by Lavoisier, the famous French scientist and chemist (1743-1794).

⏹ Bergius, Friedrich
Bergius, Friedrich

German chemist (1949-1884).
Bergius was educated in Breslau, Leipzig, Berlin and other universities • He did important research on the use of high pressures in chemical reactions, and he found a way to convert coal flour into oil (fuel) by the action of hydrogen under high pressure. It is worth noting that research has been conducted on this subject to produce oil from coal flour in the United States for several years, and the problem now lies
In the milling process and the production of suitable flour.
Bergius split with Karl Bosch
Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1931. He has other important chemical researches through which he succeeded in converting wood into sugar and fodder for livestock through the process known as hydrolysis.

⏹ Birkeland, Christian
Birkeland, Kristian

Norwegian physicist (1867-1917).
Berkeland learned physics, then taught it, and held the position of professor of physics at Christiania University.
Birkeland cooperated with Ed Eyde in solving the problem of nitrogen fixation on an industrial scale, but better methods for this purpose appeared later.