موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٤_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 14_b

⏹ Boltwood, Bertram Borden
Boltwood, Bertram Borden

American physicist (1870 - 1927)
Boltwood was educated in Munich, Leipzig, Manchester and Newhaven and then held the position of professor
Physics and Chemistry at Yale University.
Boltwood discovered ionium, one of the elements in the radioactive uranium series, and is the parent of radium. Boltwood was the first to point out that lead is the final product of radioactivity. Thanks to Rutherford's suggestions, he was able to calculate the age of a mineral based on its lead content in 1907.

⏹ Baldwin, James Mark
Baldwin, James Mark

American philosopher and psychologist (1834-1861).
Baldwin taught psychology at Princeton, then taught philosophy and psychology at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, and the National University of Mexico.
He developed in detail the notion that individual modifications, although not hereditary, can contribute, together with inherited changes, to aiding evolution. Baldwin wrote several books, the most important of which are: History of Psychology.
He also co-founded and edited a psychology journal called Psychological Review.
In addition, Baldwin was an expert in child psychology and set up psychological laboratories at the University of Toronto and at Princeton University.

⏹ Pauling, Carl Lynn
Pauling, Linus Carl

American biochemist (1901 - )
Pauling learned at Oregon State College and then in Munich, Copenhagen and Zurich, and held a number of high academic positions as he worked at the California Institute of Technology. .
Pauling participated with each of Campbell and Pressman in the synthesis of antibiotics, and he also worked on the types of chemical bonds (between the atoms of the elements) and for his research he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1954 and he was awarded the Davy Medal
Pauling was a member of the British Royal Society.

⏹ Boulliau, Ismail Boulliau, Ismael

French scientist (from the seventeenth century 1650?)
Beaulieu is famous for making the first mercury thermometer, although it is commonly believed that the credit for this goes back to Fahrenheit, who made his thermometer at the end of the second decade of the eighteenth century.

⏹ Beaumont, William
William, Beaumont

American physiologist (1785-1853).
Beaumont received a private education, then served as a surgeon in the US Army.
Beaumont carried out very important research on the nature of the chemistry of digestion and intestinal juices. He was helped by his supervision of the treatment of a wounded Canadian who lived for years despite having a hole in his stomach measuring about five centimeters as a result of a bullet he was hit.

⏹ Antoine Baume

French chemist (1728-1804).
Baumet worked as a pharmaceutical chemist in Paris, then as a professor of chemistry at the College de Pharmacie. Boumeh invented the device for measuring air humidity, which bears his name. He also invented a number of ways to improve the dyeing industry.

⏹ Bond, George Phillips
Bond, George Philips

American astronomer (1825-1865).
Bond Jr. was affected by the atmosphere experienced by his father William (William) at the Harvard Observatory, and he was helping his father in some of his studies. He succeeded him at the aforementioned observatory, and Bond Jr. (George Phillips) was the first to suggest measuring the size of a star by measuring the diameter of his photograph and relying on comparisons.

⏹ Bond, William Cranach
Bond, William Cranch

American astronomer (1789 - 1859)
Bond's fame goes back to his discovery of the eighth satellite of Saturn, called Hyperion, in 1848.
Then he rediscovered the ring of the League (crape) around the aforementioned planet in 1850. These achievements came during Bond's work as director of the Harvard Observatory.

⏹ Bondi, Hermann

Austrian astronomer and physicist (1919-)
Bondi received his education in Vienna and England, where he studied at Trinity College and Cambridge. Bondi lectured at a number of universities, including Cambridge, Harvard and Oxford, and then held the position of Secretary of the Royal Astronomical Society.
Bondi, together with the scientist Hoyle, put forward the theory of "the steady state".
Which says that matter in the universe is in a state of continuous creation. They were opposed by the astronomer Ryle, who proved that the universe is in a state of continuous expansion and development.

Poncelet, Jean Victor
Poncelet Jean Victor

French mathematician and engineer (1788-1867).
He was educated in Metz, then worked as a military engineer during his family in Russia • Poncelet studied in that period the science of planar geometry and then carried out important and new studies in spatial geometry, and is considered parallel to Monge in this through. Poncelet worked in Paris as a professor of applied mechanics Enter the use of metric units in mechanics.