موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٤_ب

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 4_b

⏹ Al-Battani Muhammad bin Jaber bin Sinan
al-Battani

Arab astronomer and engineer (858? - 929)
Al-Battani was a Sabean from the people of Harran, who lived in Raqqa.
He worked in observing the stars, and he made many important discoveries, as he was the first to reveal the azimuth (Zenith).
And the peer (Nadir) and select their two points in the sky. He also discovered the movement of the solar apogee and the progression and deviation of the solar orbit.
Al-Battani also made important discoveries in the field of observing lunar and eclipses and in determining the acceleration of the moon in its movement over a century.
In the field of mathematics, Al-Battani was the first to invent trigonometric ratios as we know them today.
Al-Battani left a number of astronomical tables and books, part of which was translated into Latin.
His book Zij al-Battani or (Zij al-Saba'i) was translated into Latin and printed in Nuremberg in 1537 under the name of Scientia Still arum.
He also has knowledge of the signs of the zodiac between the quarters of the astronomy, an explanation of four articles by Ptolemy, and a treatise on investigating the destinies of communications.
Al-Battani is known in Western literature as Albategni or Albategniws.
And the French astronomer Lalande said about it: “Al-Battani is one of the twenty imams astronomers who appeared in the world.”

⏹ Buchan, Alexander Buchan,

British meteorologist (1829-1907).
He was educated at the University of Edinburgh, then worked as a teacher in one of the schools, and after that he held the position of Secretary of the Scottish Meteorological Society. He became famous as a result of publishing a book on meteorology in 1867 entitled: The Easy Book in Meteorology.
( Handy Book of Meteorology )
As well as for his article entitled: «Average pressure
And the prevailing winds in the globe (Mean Pressure and Prevailing Winds of the Globe).
After that, he developed and detailed the main idea in the previous report in an article entitled: Report on Atmo-spheric Circulation.
Bacan was chosen as a Fellow of the Royal Society. Meteorology was advanced as a result of Bacan's efforts and his observations about pressure rates, isobars, prevailing winds, and the mean specific weight of the oceans, among others.

⏹ Brattain - Walter Hauser
Brattain, Walter Houser

American physicist (1902-).
Two women worked at Bell Telephone Laboratories in New Jersey. With Shockley and Bardeen, Brattain's field of interest was solid state physics. The results of the joint research of the three scientists led to awarding them the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1956 for their discovery and development of the transistor.

⏹ Bradley, James

English astronomer (1693 - 1762)
Bradley began his studies at Oxford, where he dealt with theology. When he was twenty-eight years old, he was appointed professor of astronomy at Oxford. He soon became a royal astronomer and was chosen as a fellow of the Royal Society.
Bradley discovered the deflection of light as a result of the earth's rotation during the year and measured the speed of light from his observations on that, and he also discovered the reeling of the earth's axis.
Bradley made efforts that are difficult to estimate in order to prepare astronomical tables.
He also formulated the laws of optical refraction and indicated the need to introduce correction factors due to pressure and temperature.

⏹ Bragg, Sir William Henry
Bragg, Sir William Henry

British physicist (1862 - 1942)
He studied Prague in Cambridge, then worked as a teacher of mathematics in Australia, after which he returned to Britain to study at the University of Leeds, then became a professor of physics at the University of London.
The Royal Society and after a period of time he headed it · In the year 1915, he divided Prague with his son, the scientist
Physicist Sir William Lawrence won the Nobel Prize for Physics.
He and his aforementioned son became famous for developing the X-ray spectrometer, with which they were able to solve some of the problems related to building the atom and building crystal units.
arrangement of atoms in it. Bragg was a famous writer as well as a brilliant scientist.

⏹ Bragg, Sir William Lawrence
Bragg, Sir William Lawrence

British physicist (1890 - )
Bragg Jr. was born in South Australia while his father, Sir William Henry Bragg, worked there • He began receiving his education in Australia and then completed it in Cambridge.
He shared with his father the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1915 for developing the X-ray spectrometer (see Prague William Henry). He is the author of several books, most notably the book Atomic Structure of Minerals, which was published in 1937.