موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١٤_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 14_a

◾ Eikberg Anders Gustav
Ekeberg, Anders Gustaf

Swedish chemist ( 1767 - 1813 )
Ekberg learned chemistry in Uppsala in Sweden, where he worked on teaching the same subject later, and in the year 1802 he discovered tantalum metal, Ta • Ekberg called him this name because of the nature of the suffering he encountered in his studies and his search for a substance that interacts with it, as whenever he thinks it has become within reach His hand found him away from him suddenly and so on. It is reported that Ekberg was almost deaf since his childhood, and he also lost one of his eyes during a laboratory experiment.

◾ Eikman, Christian
Eijkman, Christian

Dutch physician (1858 - 1930)
Aikman began his practical life as a surgeon in the army and went to Batavia (in the lowlands) to study the disease “beriberi”, so he worked as director of the pathology laboratory there. Eikman was the first to investigate the emergence of diseases as a result of a certain nutritional deficiency, in his experiments on birds, which led to the understanding of "beriberi" that affects humans. This led to an understanding of the correct nutrition conditions. This interest called for the development of vitamins.
Eikman shared with Sir Hopkins the Nobel Prize for Medicine and Physiology in 1929.

◾ Einstein, Albert
Einstein Albert

Swiss-American mathematician, physicist (1879 - 1955)
Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany, and naturalized in Swiss at the age of fifteen.
He studied in Zurich and Munich, then held the position of professor of mathematics or physics in Zurich and Prague in 1911-1912, then at the University of Berlin in 1914 to hold the position of director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute of Physics in 1914 · Then he moved to the United States in 1933 to be a member of the Advanced Studies Institute in Preston From 1933 - 1945.
In 1934 Hitler's Nazi government stripped him of his German citizenship and confiscated his money. However, he acquired American citizenship.
He began his first theoretical work in physics while working as an examiner in the patent registration office in Bern, when he published his study on his “photoelectric theory”, which is considered the basis of “quantum theory”. As well as the first indications of his theory of relativity.
Einstein created the "Theory of Relativity", which is a special theory related to electrodynamics and light, and published it in 1905, then published the "General Theory of Gravity" in 1915.
Einstein carried out important studies on the application of "quantum theory" and regarding the universe, Einstein saw that it was a static, non-kinetic universe, opposing the dynamic theory of the universe of De Sitter.
In 1950, he issued the Single Field Theory, which reduced electromagnetism and gravity to one set of mathematical formulas. Einstein explained the effect of gravity on light, as well as the principles of the photoelectric effect and the Brownian movement.
The views and predictions of Einstein revolutionized scientific concepts, as did the opinions of “Copernicus” 0 named after Einstein, the unit of radiant energy
1 Einstein = 3.79 x 10 calories

Einstein was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921 and the Copley Medal in 1925.
He wrote a number of books, including: The Meaning of Relativity in 1920.
Builders of the Universe in 1932.
On the Method of Theoretical Physics in 1933.
The World as I See It in 1934.
And jointly with Freud book: Why war? In 1933, Why War, and jointly with L. Enfeld,
The Evolution of Physics in 1938.

◾Ewart James Kosar
Ewart, James Cossar

Scottish zoologist (1851-1933).
Ewart studied medicine in Edinburgh and worked after his graduation teaching natural history in Aberdeen and then in Edinburgh · Ewart was an argument in fish farming, as he was interested in conducting numerous experiments on cross-pollination of horses and zebras in order to refute the idea of ​​telegony as Ewart demonstrated the invalidity of the idea That there is an effect on the offspring whose mother is exposed to meeting more than one male during the breeding season.