موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٩_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 9_a

◾ Albertus / Magnus / The Saint / Count of Buchstadt (Colonial Albert)
Albertus, Magnus, Saint, Count of Bollstadt (Albert of Cologne)

German teacher (1193 (1206?) - 1280)
Albertus learned in «Padua» and rose in the priestly corps, and became famous as a Christian teacher.
He dedicated himself to his various studies, so he wrote about religion, physics and natural history in an Aristotelian spirit. Albertus criticized the alchemists and did not believe in the transformation of elements from one to another. He was the first to use the word affinity with a chemical meaning. Some attribute to him the preparation of metallic arsenic.

◾ Alder, Kurt

German chemist ( 1902-1958 )
Al-Durr was born in Chorow, Poland, and died in Cologne · He studied chemistry in Berlin and Kiel, where he became a chemistry teacher between 1934 and 1936, then worked in chemical research for a while, and then returned to teaching in Cologne.
In 1950 he shared the Nobel Prize in Chemistry with Otto Diels for their development of the so-called diene synthesis (or diene) in organic chemistry, and Diels was Alder's professor (see Diels).

◾Drovandi, Olisey
Aldrovandi Ulissi

Italian naturalist (1522-1605).
He studied Drovandi in Bologna and Padua, Italy. Accused of heresy and imprisoned • Worked in Drovandi as a professor of natural history in "Bologna", and was the founder and director of the botanical gardens there.
The Drovandi left very important writings on natural history with valuable illustrations.

◾ Alcmaeon

Greek scientist (500 BC)
Alcmaeon was famous as a physician who lived in southern Italy
He is the discoverer of the Eustachian tube (the Eustachian tube in the ear).
He can be considered the founder of embryology. Perhaps Alcmaeon was the first to study the development of a chicken chick inside an incubated egg. It is interesting that he believed that sheep breathe through their ears.

◾Almabert, Jean Le Ron D
Alembert, Jean le Rondd '

French philosopher, physicist and mathematician (1717-1783)
Lambert grew up an illegitimate son of Chevalier Destouches and Mme de Tencin.
Where he was picked up at the door of Jean Le Ron church, so his parents spent on him while he was raised in a simple family home. Lambert was a genius, so he studied kinetics (dynamics) and statistics, and proved the importance of his studies in mathematical physics. The principle of Almbert is considered very important in statistical laws in kinetic problems. He added a lot to Newton's work on the movement of celestial bodies and the accuracy of the equinoxes. In addition to his interest in physics and mathematics, he wrote literature, history and philosophy, and his thinking was materialistic.

◾Amech (Amic) Frederick (Friedrich)
Emich, Friedrich

Austrian chemist (1860-1940)
His interest focused on analytical chemistry, especially in the analysis and detection of very small amounts, so he invented microscopic chemistry (microchemistry) and developed methods that enable accurate (microscopic) analyzes of organic and inorganic substances.

◾ Hoyar, without this farsto
Elhuyar, Don Fausto d'

Spanish chemist (1755-1833).
Hoyar learned in Paris and then moved to Freiberg to study chemistry and mineralogy · Hoyar Don Fausto cooperated with his brother Don Juan in studies on the mineral dolframite.
And they succeeded in extracting the Dolgram metal (tungsten or the glow wire in the usual incandescent electric lamp). · Al-Huyar worked in Mexico as a director of mines, then he returned to his homeland to work as a general manager of mines there.

◾Alison, Fred
Allison, Fred

American physicist (1882-).
Ellison received his education in «Columbia» and «Chicago» and then worked as a teacher at the «Alabama Polytechnic» • Ellison discovered a method of magneto-optical (magneto-optic) to investigate the isotopes.
The importance of this method led to the discovery of sixteen isotopes of lead.
Ellison was also the first to announce the discovery of the elements geranium and astatine.

◾Ampire Andre - Marie
Ampere, Andre-Marie

French physicist, mathematician and philosopher (1775 - 1836)
He grew up in harsh conditions, where his father was executed during the French Revolution · His diligence led him to teach at the Technical School in Paris and became a professor of physics at the College de France. Ampère is the founder of electrodynamics, where he discovered the laws governing the force between a magnet and a conductor with a constant current. He was often conducting his studies in his simple apartment. The unit of electric current is now called by his name: the ampere, which is equal to an electric charge of one coulomb per second.

- One of Ampere's experiments on electric current used two coils (solenoid).

◾ Amici, Giovanni Batista
Amici, Giovanni Battista

Italian biologist (1786-1863).
Amishi was distinguished by his vast knowledge, as he was an astronomer, a professor of mathematics, and a biologist.
Amiichi invented a method for microscopic examination by immersion in suitable liquids. He made improvements to reflective mirrors in astronomical telescopes.
In the field of plant study, Amiichi conducted important research in the sexual character of flowers, and he had valuable observations regarding the pollination of orchids, which enabled him to explain the sexual character of flowers in an advanced manner.