موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٧_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 7_a

◾ Arnold, Joseph

English botanist (1782-1818)
Arnold learned medicine in Edinburgh, then worked as a doctor on a ship to transport prisoners, then accepted the study of natural sciences for Sir Stamford Raffles.
Arnold is credited with discovering the largest known flower, during one of his trips with Sir Stamford, and he called it "Rafflesia Arnoldi". Its diameter is about ninety centimeters, and each of its petals is thirty centimeters long. The flower weighs about seven kilograms and contains enough nectar to fill a cup, and it has no branches or leaves.

◾ Arrhenius, Svante August
Arrhenius Svante August

Swedish physicist and chemist (1927-1859)
Arrhenius learned in “Uppsala” and “Stockholm” and showed genius in mathematics from an early age.
Work with the scientist Hoff Van't.
Then he became a professor of physics in Stockholm. Arrhenius developed the theory of electrolytic (electrical) dissociation of liquids and solutions, and for that he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1903. Then he applied this theory to the atmosphere in the electrical phenomena that took place in it. He had important studies in the properties of liquids. Arrhenius was interested in the structure of the universe and was the first to estimate the pressure emanating from light and its importance in cosmic physics, such as the expulsion of the tails of meteors away from the direction of the sun due to the pressure of the sun's rays on the meteors.

◾ Aretaeus

Greek physician (lived in the second century AD)
Aretaeus was a follower of Hippocrates and was a brilliant writer.
Aretaeus worked in Rome, where he practiced medicine. He was the first to name this disease as diabetes. He was also the first to distinguish between paralysis resulting from spinal cord injury and paralysis arising from brain injury.

◾Estacio, Bartolomeo
Eustachio, Bartholomew

Italian physician (1520 - 1574)
Estacio worked as a professor of anatomy in Rome.
He is mentioned for the rediscovery of the auditory canal connecting the ear and the nose, which bears his name: the Eustachian tube, although its first discoverer was the Greek scientist Alcmaeon who lived in the fifth century BC.
Stacio did a study on the organs of voice and the nerve supply to the muscles, but his works were not published until the beginning of the eighteenth century.

◾ Estabry William Thomas
Astbury, William Thomas

English physicist ( 1898 - )
Estebry received his education in Cambridge, and worked as an assistant to Sir William Bragg (W. Bragg) at the British Royal Institution, then went to Leeds »to hold the position of director of the Physical Research Laboratory on Textiles. Crystals, filaments and proteins.

◾ Aston Francis William
A'ston, Francis William

English physicist (1877 - 1945)
Aston was educated in Birmingham and Cambridge, then became a fellow at Trinity College.
A Fellow of the Royal Society, he served as Chairman of the International Atomic Committee in 1935.
Aston won the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1922 for his extensive research on isotopes, in which he was an argument.
In 1919, Aston introduced the mass spectrograph and was able to prove the existence of a large number of isotopes and determine the masses of many of them with an accuracy of one in a thousand. Isotopes published in 1933.

◾ Al-Astrolaby, Ahmed bin Muhammad Al-Saghani
al-Usturlabi

Arab astronomer and engineer (990 -).
Abu Hamid Al-Astrolaby was one of the prominent astronomers of his time, and he had a special interest in designing and manufacturing astronomical instruments.
He specifically mastered the astronomical observational instrument known as the astrolabe, which is why he was attributed to it, and was known as the astrolabe. And developed a number of old machines.

◾ Aselli, Gasparo Aselli, Gasparo

Italian anatomist (1581-1626) ·
Aselli emerged as a result of his discovery of a number of lymphatic vessels connected to the small intestine (lacfeal vessels).
And that while he was a professor in Pavia, to the south of Milan. He noticed that these vessels collect fatty substances from the contents of the intestines and deliver them to the main thoracic duct (located on the side of the spine).
The results obtained by studying dogs were published in a book entitled “De Lactibus”.