موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلمـاء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ٥_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 5_a

◾ Addison, Thomas

English physician (1793 - 1860)
Edison trained as a physician in Edinburgh, practiced medicine in London, and worked as a physician at Guy's Hospital.

Addison was an argument in anemia (anemia) and divided it into two parts, the first of which is now known as acute anemia (malignant where the number of red blood cells decreases and their size increases) and the other that leads to damage to the cortex above the kidneys and is called Addison's Disease Addison's Disease co-authored a reference In medical science, he described appendicitis, as this disease was not well known at that time.

◾ Eratosthenes

Greek astronomer (275-194 BC).
Eratosthenes received his education in "Alexandria" and in Athens. He was famous in the physical, literary and scientific circles.
Eratosthenes proposed an increase of one day every four solar years to correct the length of the year. He measured the inclination of the apparent circle of the ecliptic, and calculated the radius of the earth from measuring the length of one degree from its surface, but he did not know what units of length he used. Therefore, the value he calculated is insignificant, and only remnants of one book on geography, used by Strabo, remain from his works. As for his missing astrological image, it is mentioned that it included six hundred and seventy-five constant stars.
At the end of his life, Aratosthenes became blind and committed suicide because he could not practice reading.

◾ Erasistratus

Greek anatomist and physician (300 BC)
Erastratus lived in Alexandria, where he worked as a physician, and it is believed that he is one of the descendants of Aristotle, and some researchers consider him the founder of physiology. He worked as a physician in the court of the King of Syria.
Erastratus was the first to distinguish between the cerebrum and the cerebellum, as well as the difference between sensory nerves and motor nerves. He was the first to name the trachea (trachea).
He invented an internal examination tube (catheter) similar to the one used to remove urine confined inside the bladder. It is said that Erastratus practiced vivisection.
Those who were condemned by the courts, and that was with the knowledge of the king. However, this saying lacks evidence.

◾Arago, Dominique-François-Jean
Arago, Dominique Francois Jean

French physician (1786 - 1853) ·
Arago began his life as a secretary in the Bureau de Longitudes. Arago participated with Biot in important geographical measurements in Spain.
Arago made valuable studies in many branches of physics, and he proposed a method for determining the speed of light by rotating a reflecting mirror.
Arago participated with Fresnel in experiments on refraction that led them to believe in the wave of light, and Arago was the first to discover the existence of magnetism in non-iron bodies, and he was awarded the "Copley" medal as a result. Among his discoveries is also the events of magnetism by means of electricity. Arago also conducted experiments on sound that lasted four years.

◾Arduino, Giovanni Arduino,

Italian geologist (1713 - 1795).
Arduino worked as a director of mines in Tuscany, then he worked as a professor of mineralogy in Padua, Italy.

◾ Aristarchus Harstarcus

Greek astronomer (310-250 BC).
Aristarchus is considered the inventor of the hemispherical solar meter. And he is credited with saying that the earth revolves around the sun and consecrating this fact.
However, this fact was not accepted by his contemporaries, despite the phenomena that led to his explanation.
Aristarchus measured the distance of the sun and the moon from the earth and their sizes, and he knew that the length of the known solar year (three hundred and sixty-five days and a quarter of a day) had some approximation, so he added a correction of 0.0006161 of the day, or about fifty-three seconds.

◾ Aristotle or Aristotle

Greek philosopher and naturalist (384-322 BC)
Aristotle enjoyed the widest fame among philosophers, and he was the son of a physician, king of Macedonia, the Greeks (Macedonia).
Aristotle went to Athens to receive his education at the hands of Plato (347-427 BC), and he stayed with him until the end of his days (about twenty years).
Aristotle established the Peripatetic School in Athens. Books on natural sciences, logic, ethics, metaphysics, politics and literature.
He was deeply affected by the death of Alexander. Aristotle's books were printed in the West in the Latin language in the fifteenth century, and they were also printed in Greek in about the same period. Aristotle was the first to say the succession of sea and land (geology), and he had some misconceptions about the emergence of some living things, as well as with regard to the acceleration of falling bodies, and he believed in the impossibility of the existence of a vacuum. He also believed that there is only one element for all things · Aristotle received great attention from the scholars of the East during the flourishing of Islamic civilization.