موسوعة العلمـاء و المخترعين .. العلماء بالترتيب حسب اسم الشهرة .. الحرف ١_أ

Encyclopedia of Scientists and Inventors..in order according to their nickname..the letter 1_a

◾ Eberhalden, Emile
Abderhalden, Emil

Swiss chemist and physiologist
( 1950 - 1877 )

Eberhalden worked as a professor of physiology at the University of Halle (Halle) - he contributed important research on the subject of the structure of proteins and the synthesis of polypeptides, as well as on the mechanics of alcoholic fermentation.

◾ Apple, John Jacob
Abel, John Jacob

Physiological chemist, American
( 1938 - 1857 )

Abel was educated at Michigan and Johns Hopkins University, and moved to Europe to study medicine.
Then he returned to work as a professor of physiological chemistry at Johns Hopkins University, where he remained until his retirement. Apple is best known for his research on animal tissues
And also for his research on the suprarenal glands, where he was able to isolate the hormone adrenaline (epinephrine), which controls blood pressure (and the two scientists Tamakine and Aldrich were able to isolate the same hormone in 1910).
Apple was awarded the Willard Gibbs Medal.

◾ Apple, Sir Frederick Augustus
Abel, Sir Frederick Augustus

British chemist (1827 - 1902) ·
He learned chemistry at the hands of “Hofmann” at the Royal College of Chemistry, then worked as a chemistry teacher at the Royal Military Academy, then became a military chemist and a chemical advisor to the government • He was well versed in the issue of explosives and an expert in the steel industry.
In collaboration with Dior (see Dior, Sir James), he invented the explosive cordite and paved the way for smokeless gunpowder.
Build an apparatus for testing the flash point of petroleum.

◾ Ableton Sir Edward Victor
Appleton Sir Edward Victor

English physicist (1892 - 1965).
He received his education in Cambridge, then moved to London as a professor of physics, to return to Cambridge as a professor of natural philosophy. He held the position of Minister of Scientific and Industrial Research, as well as the position of President of the University of Edinburgh in Scotland. He won the Nobel Prize for Physics. He is the discoverer of the ionized layer named after him, Ableton layer (1). One of his most prominent technological achievements was his contribution to the development of radar.
1 - Appleton Layer

◾ Hippocrates
Hippocrates

Greek physician (460-357 BC)

Hippocrates (as the Arabs called him in the Middle Ages) was famous as a writer and physician. He composed and wrote books on medicine so that works are attributed to him in which his role was nothing more than rewriting them from their original references. Hippocrates is known as the father of medicine, and he is the author of the famous human oath that doctors swear to respect the profession, life, and people's privacy.
Hippocrates wrote books on epidemics, and emphasized the importance of regulating food. His famous sayings, such as: “Art is long, life is short,” and hopeless diseases need cures that have no hope. Also among his sayings: “They are for some people meat and for others poisons.” They do not mean the misfortunes of a people to a people as benefits, according to the common misconception.

◾. Ibn al-Banna, Abu al-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi Ibn al - Banna

Arab physician, astronomer and mathematician from Marrakech
(1321 -...)
Ibn al-Banna' has many books, including: The Science of Tables, Risala fi al-Juzour al-Sam, Its Gathering and Subtraction, Principles and Introductions in Algebra and Contrast, the Astrolabe and its Use, Rulings on the Stars, and The Law for Releasing the Sun and Moon in Houses, and Knowing the Times of Night and Day.
The most famous of his books is his book Summarizing the Works of Arithmetic, in which there are extensive researches on fractions, rules of addition, squares of numbers (and their cubes), and the rule of errors for solving equations of the first degree and arithmetic works.

◾ Ibn al-Bitar, Diaa al-Din Abu Muhammad Abdullah Ibn Ahmad Ibn al - Bitar

An Arab vegetarian from Andalusia (1249-1197).

Ibn al-Bitar was born in Malaga and studied medicine there.
He went to Greece and the Roman countries in search of herbs, especially medicinal ones. He was an argument in it, and he described more than one thousand and four hundred medical drugs and compared them with what was recorded by more than one hundred and fifty authors who preceded him. He wrote a number of important books on botanical pharmacy, including the book Al-Adwaa Al-Mufradah in two volumes, known as Mufradat Ibn Al-Bitar. He also wrote a book: Al-Mughni fi Al-Awadi Al-Mufradah and The Book of Balance of the Doctor. Ibn Al-Bitar died in Damascus.

◾ Ibn Al-Rumiyah, Ahmed bin Muhammad bin Mufarrij
Ibn al-Rumiyya

Herbalist, Andalusian (1165-1239) Ibn al-Roumieh was born in Seville, and began his practical life by selling herbs and medicinal plants in his shop, then he graduated in learning herbal medicine or botanical pharmacy and traveled to different parts and countries of the East such as the Levant, Egypt and the Hijaz, studying religious sciences, especially Talking, in addition to collecting herbs.

Ibn al-Rumiyyah contacted the Sultan of Egypt, al-Malik al-Adil, who tried to keep him there, but he did not like that.
He wrote a number of books on herbal medicine, including: Interpretation of the names of single medicines from the book of Dioscorides, the book of Galen’s medicines, the botanical journey, the all-rounder, and a treatise on the composition of this medicine.