مسيرة الفنان الإيطالي: رافائيل Raphael..صاحب لوحة:مدرسة أثينا The School of Athens

Raphael
Italian painter

Main Results
Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino^[a] (Italian: [raffaˈɛllo ˈsantsjo da urˈbiːno]; March 28 or April 6, 1483 – April 6, 1520),^[2][b] better known as Raphael (UK: /ˈræfeɪ.əl/ RAF-ay-əl, US: /ˈræfi.əl, ˈreɪfi-, ˌrɑːfaɪˈɛl/ RAF-ee-əl, RAY-fee-, RAH-fy-EL),^[4] was an Italian painter and architect of the High Renaissance. His work is admired for its clarity of form, ease of composition, and visual achievement of the Neoplatonic ideal of human grandeur.^[5] Together with Leonardo da Vinci and Michelangelo, he forms the traditional trinity of great masters of that period.^[6] His father was court painter to the ruler of the small but highly cultured city of Urbino. He died when Raphael was eleven, and Raphael seems to have played a role in managing the family workshop from this point. He trained in the workshop of Perugino, and was described as a fully trained "master" by 1500. He worked in or for several cities in north Italy until in 1508 he moved to Rome at the invitation of the pope, to work on the Vatican Palace. He was given a series of important commissions there and elsewhere in the city, and began to work as an architect. He was still at the height of his powers at his death in 1520.

Raphael was enormously productive, running an unusually large workshop and, despite his early death at 37, leaving a large body of work. His career falls naturally into three phases and three styles, first described by Giorgio Vasari: his early years in Umbria, then a period of about four years (1504–1508) absorbing the artistic traditions of Florence, followed by his last hectic and triumphant twelve years in Rome, working for two popes and their close associates.^[7] Many of his works are found in the Vatican Palace, where the frescoed Raphael Rooms were the central, and the largest, work of his career. The best known work is The School of Athens in the Vatican Stanza della Segnatura. After his early years in Rome, much of his work was executed by his workshop from his drawings, with considerable loss of quality. He was extremely influential in his lifetime, though outside Rome his work was mostly known from his collaborative printmaking.

Raphael, The School of Athens

Raphael, Cardinal and Theological Virtues, 1511

After his death, the influence of his great rival Michelangelo was more widespread until the 18th and 19th centuries, when Raphael's more serene and harmonious qualities were again regarded as the highest models. Thanks to the influence of art historian Johann Joachim Winckelmann his work became a formative influence on Neoclassical painting, but his techniques would later be explicitly and emphatically rejected by groups such as the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood




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لوحة:مدرسة أثينا (بالإيطالية: Scuola di Atene)‏، وهي رسمة للفنان الإيطالي:

مدرسة أثينا (بالإيطالية: Scuola di Atene)‏، وهي رسمة للفنان الإيطالي رافائيل، وتم رسم اللوحة بين سنتي 1509 و1510، وتصف الرسمة علماء الفلسفة يتحاورون ويشرحون داخل إحدى الفصول الدراسية محاضرة عن الفلسفة، ومن بين هؤلاء العلماء العالم العربي الأندلسي ابن رشد
وتم رسم اللوحة بناءً على وعده لتزين غرف قصر أبوستوليك في الفاتيكان، وهذا المشروع قد سمي بـ (غرف رافاييل). كانت أول غرفة يتم تزينها ولوحة مدرسة أثينا هي ثاني لوحة يتم الانتهاء من رسمها، بعد رسمة (La disputa). لطالما رأى الناس أن رسمة مدرسة أثينا هي تحفة الفنان الإيطالي، وهي مثال كامل على الروح الكلاسيكية العالية للإبداع الفني. وأيضًا في صورة يوجد مع ابن رشد، أرسطو، أفلاطون، سقراط، أبيقور، وميكيلانجيلو.

The School of Athens (Italian: Scuola di Atene), which is a drawing by the Italian artist Raphael, and the painting was drawn between 1509 and 1510, and the drawing describes philosophical scholars discussing and explaining in a classroom a lecture on philosophy, and among these scholars is the Andalusian Arab scholar Ibn Rushd.
The painting was painted on his promise to decorate the rooms of the Apostolic Palace in the Vatican, and this project was called (Raphael's Rooms). It was the first room to be decorated, and the School of Athens is the second to be completed, after La disputa. People have always seen the painting of the School of Athens as the masterpiece of the Italian artist, a perfect example of the high classical spirit of artistic creativity. Also in a picture there is with Averroes, Aristotle, Plato, Socrates, Epicurus, and Michelangelo.