الطبقة الحساسة .. كتاب التحميض والطبع والتكبير

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The first Door

sensitive layer

Part of this book - as it appears from its title - deals with the study of acidification processes, and this name “acidification” is the colloquial name for a series of chemical processes known as development, stopping, and fixing. These chemical processes take place between:

(1) Chemical compounds that are used in making the sensitive layer in films or papers. (B) The chemical compounds that are included in the composition of the show and stop solutions

and installation.

Therefore, in order to understand these processes - to an acceptable extent - it is inevitable that we start by identifying the sensitive layer with a quick review of how it is manufactured and the materials that go into its composition. This is what we are looking for in this first chapter.
The sensitive layer may be a “negative” photo equipment, which is known by the common name “negative”, and its support is made of glass (in sensitive plates) or celluloid (in films), or it may be on paper sometimes. The sensitive layer may be prepared to produce a positive phase, which is known by the colloquial name (positive), and its support may also be made of paper, celluloid, or glass, or it may be on any other surface such as a china plate or

cloth. . . etc. However, it is most likely for sensitive materials used by amateurs that the negative sensitive layer on its support film is celluloid, and the positive sensitive layer

on paper.

The sensitive layer is made of the following main materials:

(1) Gelatin. (b) Light-sensitive silver salts known as silver halides.

(1) It is the medium in which photosensitive silver salts and other accompanying materials are deposited. Gelatin has the ability to absorb water, and this ability increases with the increase in temperature, as it swells and swells and turns into a semi-solid (gelatinous) substance that freezes with a decrease in temperature. It dissolves in water at 100 degrees Fahrenheit, but it can withstand higher temperatures if it is strengthened with special materials, then it dissolves at 120 degrees Fahrenheit (i.e. 49 degrees Celsius). With its solubility, it allows the substances required to be deposited in it to permeate, such as silver salts.

First: gelatin:

(1) In the past, collodion was used instead of gelatin, and its use has now been discontinued except in photomechanical imaging processes using the wet-collodion process (or wet as some call it) Wet-Collodion Process -11-

Second: Silver Halides:

And when combined with any «silver halides».

The elements iodine, chlorine, bromine, and fluorine are known as silver halogens, which form compounds known as silver halides.

It is a designation that means all of the thousand iodide

Silver

Silver iodide

silver chloride

Silver Chloride

silver bromide. silver fluoride

silver bromide

Silver Floride

The first three salts are widely used in the manufacture of sensitive layers, as they are all sensitive to light, and they would be a latent image if the exposure to light was relatively short.

The image turns into a legacy image.

The silver LEDs are almost insoluble in water, but they do dissolve in a solution

Sodium sulfate. Thiosulphate is the main salt in fixation solutions, as we will learn later. Silver chloride is the most soluble in a solution of sodium sulfate, and silver bromide is less soluble, so the layers require

Sensitive skin that contains a large amount of silver iodide takes a long time to stabilize. Silver chloride is a white salt and tends to turn blue if exposed to light. Silver is a salt that tends to yellow and becomes dark if exposed to light, and silver iodide is bromide

It has a pale yellow color and tends to turn black slowly if exposed to light. It has been observed that silver salts increase their sensitivity to light when they are deposited in a medium of gelatin. It was also noted that the deposition of silver salts in gelatin helps

It reduces the activity of the developer solution, as it affects the granules of silver salts deposited on the upper surface of the gelatin layer to a large extent, while its activity decreases as the granules are farther from the surface.