فصل التصوير ، العدسات - المرشحات - الفلم الخام - البصريات ٢-a .. كتاب فهم السينما

Thus, the director can neutralize the levels and lead the viewer's eye to the multiple levels in the pictured unit - and this method is sometimes called - Al-Mushajibi clarification - or the chosen clarification (1) - (23). In The Graduate, Mike Nichols used a simple metamorphosis instead of cutting when he wanted the viewer to look first. To the young heroine, her features blurred from clarity, and the gaze then shifts to her mother, who stands a few feet away in the corridor. The method of transition in clarity is daily for us with the causal relationship. There is a comparison between the heroine's sudden realization that her friend's mistress is none other than her mother. And from

Long lenses also flatten images and thus reduce the sense of distance between depth levels. Two people standing a few yards apart appear to be a few knots apart when photographed with a telephoto lens. In fact, long telephoto lenses compress dimension planes until the image appears to be a flat surface of an abstract pattern. In such shots, things move towards or away from the lens, so our sense of this movement is scant at best. In The Guardian, the film's hero, Dustin Hoffman, desperately runs towards the camera, but because of the flattening caused by the long lens, it appears as if he is running in place and cannot reach his goal.

The so-called obtuse angle or short lens has a short focal length and a wide angle of view. These are the lenses that are used for shots with a clear depth, as they maintain sharpness at almost all levels of the range.

Distortion caused by short lenses includes lines and space. The wider the angle, the more lines and shapes are enriched, especially at the edges of the image. The distances between different depth levels are exaggerated in such lenses as two people a foot apart appear to be within yards of each other. A movie - Citizen Kane - abounds with such footage. The Trial, based on Franz Kafka's story, uses this lens to emphasize the wide, empty distances between people. In close-up ranges, obtuse lenses tend to show people's noses like huge lamps and their eyes like slit-holes (1 - 24) Welles used a lot of These shots in Film - A Tint of Evil - movement towards or away from the lens seem exaggerated when shot with a short lens. And two or three of the usual steps may seem as if the distance is being devoured by a genie - an effective method when the director wants to emphasize the strength, sovereignty and freedom of the character. The fisheye lens is the lens with an extreme angle in capacitance, and it is there
The distinction is so sharp that the edges of the screen appear to be reflected in a ball, as if we are looking at a crystal ball. Director John Frankenheimer used a fish-eye lens in his movie “Seconds”, which is a science fiction film, to suggest the hero’s alert and semi-unconscious state.

In the movie “A Long Day's Journey into Night,” film director Sidney Lume used specific lenses for each of the four main characters, and these lenses changed as the characters developed during the course of the film. Lemé referred to this method of processing as the plot of the lens. Morphine-addicted mother Katharine Hepburn for whom Lumé used a series of progressively longer lenses that blurred the background into a distorted image, a metaphor for how the drugs helped her forget or at least erase her troubles. As for the tired father Ralph (Richardson), as well as the pessimistic eldest son (Jason Robards), Lumé used gradually increasing amplitude lenses, and the distortion caused by these lenses suggests to us how Mary Tyrone's addiction distorted her life. There is no distortion in it from what is relatively, but it is also diagnosed through a wide lens in a later scene in the movie after (how much) his father and brother realized before him that their condition was desperate and that Mary would remain addicted forever. It is suggestive

Lenses and filters may be used for purely cosmetic purposes - to make an actor or actress taller, thinner, younger or older. Josef von Schutter Nbrck sometimes covered his lenses with transparent silk stockings in order to give his pictures the desired romantic effect, and a few Gowan actresses of over a certain age stipulated in special clauses in their contracts that certain soft-clarified cosmetic lenses should be used for large shots. This improved optics removes small facial wrinkles as well